Evaluating the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire and semantic differential profile scale for adults with major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reward processing abnormalities in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) alter motivation and hedonic responses, with greater impairments in those at risk of suicide. Preferred music is typically perceived as a rewarding and pleasurable experience that can influence motivation and emotion. Given its influential nature, evaluating how individuals with MDD and suicidal thoughts and behaviours respond to music could serve as a novel behavioural marker to indicate suicidality. This study aimed to evaluate reward response to music measured through the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) and a semantic differential profile scale to investigate music reward and self-perception. Data were collected through the CAN-BIND 5 initiative at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto. Adults aged 18-68 years participated in this cross-sectional observational study. Participants included individuals with MDD with suicidal ideation and no attempt (SI/NA; n = 19), MDD with suicidal ideation and lifetime attempt (SI/LA; n = 14), MDD with no suicidal ideation and lifetime attempt (NSI/LA; n = 13), and healthy controls (HC; n = 28). Participants completed the BMRQ online within 48-hours of their baseline visit. During the in-person visit, they completed a 29-item semantic differential profile scale before and after listening to a preferred piece of music. BMRQ results showed no significant differences across groups for each factor and for overall scores. A two-way ANOVA with the semantic differential profile scale revealed a significant interaction effect between participant group and time points, F(3, 224) = 4.32, p = .006, η2 = 0.05. Post-hoc analysis using Tukey's HSD test revealed the HC consistently had significantly higher semantic profile scores than all patient groups, both before and after listening to music (all p < .001). Additionally, all patient groups exhibited a significant change in semantic differential profile scores from before to after music listening (all p < .001). These findings highlight that music engagement was experienced similarly across groups and that the BMRQ was not sensitive enough to detect differences. However, the semantic differential profile scale was sensitive enough to capture shifts in self-perception from before to after listening to music, indicating its potential as a behavioural indicator for suicidality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".