Identification of a <i>Pseudomonas brassicacearum</i> strain as a potential biocontrol agent against clubroot in cruciferous plants through endophytic bacterial community analysis and culture‐dependent isolation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, significantly impacts cruciferous crop production worldwide. Biocontrol is an environmentally friendly and promising approach for clubroot management. Endophytic bacteria are known for their ability to promote plant growth and induce resistance against plant diseases. In the Plasmodiophora brassicae-Brassica pathosystem, microbial communities are poorly understood, and their biocontrol potential for clubroot remains unexplored. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the endophytic bacterial communities in root samples with different levels of clubroot infection. Subsequently, we employed sequencing analysis and culture-dependent isolation to profile these communities. Our results indicated differences in bacterial composition between D (galled) and H (asymptomatic) roots. Notably the enrichment of Pseudomonas species in H. Culture-dependent bacterial isolation suggested that three Pseudomonas strains (H10, H13, and H15) from H had biocontrol potential, which was confirmed by their effects of 49% reductions in resting spore germination, along with abilities in environmental pH adjustment and biofilm formation. Specifically, during clubroot development, Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain H13 reduced clubroot severity by 51%, suppressed Plasmodiophora brassicae biomass by over 12% in roots and 37% in soil, effectively colonized roots, and increased soil pH. Strain H13 also influenced the expression of plant hormone-related genes, including a 3.4-fold up-regulation of NPR1 at 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), and down-regulation of CKX, AO1, and DWF4 by 84%, 88%, and 40%, respectively, at 21 dpi. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that endophytic Pseudomonas strains, particularly strain H13, hold promise as effective biocontrol agents by reducing chemical fungicide application for sustainable clubroot management. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".