Rural youth migration planning: The complex story in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
,Rural and small-town places across Canada have been undergoing rapid sociodemographic and economic changes since the early 1980s. These changes are the product of the 1980s recession which fostered neoliberal public policies that reduced the role of the state and effectively shifted government initiatives away from community-building. Many communities in northern BC were originally developed to house the working families of the post-war natural resource economy. Since then, service infrastructure has aged, the original workforce is retiring, and many youth and young families have migrated out of these communities. In the context of a changing rural, out-migration of local youth and little in-migration of young people has long been identified as a pressing issue. My research explored the migration plans of senior high school students through a mixed methods exploratory case study of Tumbler Ridge, BC. The focus was exploring senior high school students’ feelings about staying, leaving, or returning to their community, and what factors contribute to those decisions. Economic opportunities are often assumed to be the most significant factor in youth migration planning, but my findings speak to differences in youth’s priorities. While education and employment were the drivers of youth out-migration, quality of life and sense of place were the most significant factors in determining where youth planned to migrate, and why. My research broadens the dialogue on what rural youth are seeking in their communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.036 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".