More Old Dogs, More New Tricks: Photographic Plates of the Globular Cluster M10 (NGC 6254) Digitized with a Commercial Scanner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Photographic plates of the globular cluster M10 (NGC 6254) that were recorded at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory between 1931 and 1934 have been digitized with a commercial scanner. The plates have numerous cosmetic issues, and the results are used to assess the information that can be extracted from such archival data. After performing a series of basic processing steps, a plate-to-plate dispersion in photometric measurements of ≤10% is delivered between V = 13 and 15. The light curves of known variables are constructed and evidence is presented for long-term variations in the mean brightnesses of the W Vir star V3, as well as the semiregular (SR) variable V29. Two new variable stars are identified, although cluster membership is likely for only one of these. A brightness-selected sample of candidate variable stars identified in the Gaia database that are not in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars is also examined, and some show variability in the plate photometry. Parallaxes indicate that five of the Gaia variables are at the same distance as M10. Four of the Gaia variables fall along the horizontal branch of M10 on the color–magnitude diagram. Another Gaia variable is located close to the cluster center and may be evolving on the supra–horizontal branch. The plate photometry suggests that the Gaia variable with the most secure M10 membership based on parallax, proper motions, and velocity is an SR variable that is offset by a projected distance of 9 pc from the cluster center.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".