Bibliographic record
Abstract
The flora of Haida Gwaii includes many macroalgal species, initially assumed endemic, which are largely absent from southern British Columbia but which were subsequently collected in California. One explanation for these disjunct distributions is the kelp conveyor hypothesis, which proposes non-buoyant macroalgae hitchhike on kelp rafts from central California to Haida Gwaii. Using mitochondrial COI-5P data, we adopt a weight-of-evidence approach and summarize broad patterns of allelic distribution and genetic differentiation across 11 species of red algae collected in California, Haida Gwaii and southern Vancouver Isl., British Columbia, to assess the impact of the kelp conveyor hypothesis. Although this hypothesis was based on species with disjunct distributions, we emphasize species with continuous distributions. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate low genetic differentiation between Haida Gwaii and California in 9 of 11 species consistent with significantly higher gene flow than from California to Vancouver Isl., and 13% of all alleles observed on Haida Gwaii were disjunct. These observations are consistent with predictions of the kelp conveyor hypothesis. Results here shed light on a previously cryptic source of gene flow which has impacted a considerable proportion of the red algal flora of Haida Gwaii.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".