Spatiotemporal variability in otolith core elemental fingerprints to assess natal origin of Atlantic halibut (<i>Hippoglossus hippoglossus</i>) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early life stages play a critical role in shaping recruitment dynamics and population structure in marine fishes, with implications for conservation and resource management. After declining in the 1950s, Atlantic halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), Canada, has shown a marked comeback since the early 2000s, now ranking as the most valuable groundfish resource. Given its socio-economic importance, understanding larval ecology and early life stages is key to sustainable management. Spawning occurs in deep GSL channels and individuals exhibit summer site fidelity. Recently, otolith chemistry provided insights into lifetime movements and revealed three migratory contingents: annual migrants, irregular migrants, and residents. We analyzed the cores of 187 otoliths from halibut with known migration histories using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify the number of nurseries and their contributions to the stock. To assess temporal trends, we examined four cohorts (2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010). Our findings suggest that Atlantic halibut in the GSL forms a philopatric population with multiple nurseries, and that natal origin does not influence later migration strategies. Given the role of early life stages in stock recruitment, these insights enhance our understanding of natal sources and support more informed management strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".