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The environmental impact, carbon emissions and sustainability of computing in the ATLAS experiment
Georges Aad, Erlend Aakvaag, B. Abbott, Sara Abdelhameed, K. Abeling, Nils Julius Abicht, S. H. Abidi, Mohammed Aboelela, A. Aboulhorma, H. Abramowicz, Yiming Abulaiti, B. S. Acharya, Anke Ackermann, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, Sagar Addepalli, Matthew John Addison, J. Adelman, Aytul Adiguzel, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Yoav Afik, M. N. Agaras, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, F. Ahmadov, Sudha Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, A. Aikot, M. Ait Tamlihat, B. Aitbenchikh, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, Daiya Akiyama, Nilima Nilesh Akolkar, S. Aktas, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, Una Helena Alberti, P. Albicocco, Guillaume Lucas Albouy, S. Alderweireldt, Z. L. Alegria, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, Fabrizio Alfonsi, Malte Algren, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, Hanadi Ali, S. Ali, Samuel William Alibocus, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, Wael Alkakhi, C. Allaire, Benedict Allbrooke, Jonny Allen, Julia Frances Allen, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, Zainab Mohammad K Alsolami, A. Álvarez Fernández, Mario Alves Cardoso, M. G. Alviggi, M. Aly, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, Christoph Amelung, C. G. Ames, Thiziri Amezza, D. Amidei, Baktash Amini, Kyle Amirie, Artem Amirkhanov, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, K. R. Amos, Dimitra Amperiadou, S. An, Christos Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, J. K. Anders, Adam Campbell Anderson, A. Andreazza, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, E. Antipov, M. Antonelli, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, T. Aoki, M. A. Aparo, L. Aperio Bella, Matteo Apicella, C. Appelt, Aram Apyan, Michaela Arampatzi, Sergio Javier Arbiol Val, C. Arcangeletti, A. T. H. Arce, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, G. Artoni, H. Asada, K. Asai, Siranush Asatryan, N. Asbah, Rachel Amy Ashby Pickering, Asim Mohammed Aslam, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, Sten Astrand, R. J. Atkin, Hicham Atmani, P. A. Atmasiddha, K. Augsten, A. D. Auriol, V. A. Austrup, G. Avolio, K. Axiotis, Amir Azzam, D. Babal, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, A. Bachiu, Erik Bachmann, A. Badea, Tamas Marton Baer, P. Bagnaia, M. Bahmani, Daniel Bahner, Kehang Bai, J. T. Baines, Luke Baines, Keith Baker, E. Bakos, D. Bakshi Gupta, Luiz Eduardo Balabram Filho, Veena Balakrishnan, R. Balasubramanian, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, E. Ballabene, F. Balli, L. M. Baltes, W. K. Balunas, J. Balz, Isaac Bamwidhi, E. Banaś, Marilena Bandieramonte, A. Bandyopadhyay, Shubham Bansal, L. Barak, M. Barakat, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbéro, Marten Zefanja Barel, T. Barillari, M-S. Barisits, Tim Barklow, P. Baroň, Diego Baron, Toni Baroncelli, A. J. Barr, Jackson Barr, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Fernando Harald Barreiro Megino, Maura Barros, S. Barsov, F. Bartels, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basan, M. Baselga, Sima Bashiri, A. Bassalat, M. J. Basso, Susan Bataju, Russell Bate, Richard Bates, Souad Batlamous, Marco Battaglia, M. Bauce, M. Bauer, Patrick Bauer, Lukas Bayer, L. T. Bazzano Hurrell, J. B. Beacham, T. Beau, Jean Yves Beaucamp, P. H. Beauchemin, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, K. Becker, A. J. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, C. P. Bee, L. J. Beemster, M. Begalli, M. Begel, J. K. Behr, J. F. Beirer, F. Beisiegel, M. Belfkir, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, Casey Dominik Bellgraph, P. Bellos, K. Beloborodov, D. Benchekroun, F. Bendebba, Kees Benkendorfer, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, B. Bergmann, J. Beringer, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, Florian Urs Bernlochner, F. Bernon, Adrian Berrocal Guardia, T. Berry, P. Berta, A. Berthold, Annalisa Berti, Raphael Bertrand, S. Bethke, A. Betti, A. J. Bevan, Lucas Bezio, Naman Kumar Bhalla, S. Bharthuar, S. Bhatta, P. Bhattarai, Zubair Bhatti, Kartik Deepak Bhide, V. Bhopatkar, R. M. Bianchi, G. Bianco, O. Biebel, M. Biglietti, C. S. Billingsley, Yassine Bimgdi, M. Bindi, Anna Bingham, C. Bini, G. A. Bird, Mattias Birman, M. Biros, S. Biryukov, T. Bisanz, E. Bisceglie, J. P. Biswal, Diptaparna Biswas, I. Bloch, A. Blue, J. Blumenthal, Viktor Bobrovnikov, Lucrezia Boccardo, B. Boehm, D. Bogavac, A. G. Bogdanchikov, Laura Boggia, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bołd, M. Bomben, M. Bóna, Maarten Boonekamp, A. G. Borbély, I. S. Bordulev, G. Borissov, D. Bortoletto, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, K. Bouaouda, N. Bouchhar, Leo Boudet, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, D. Boumediene, R. Bouquet, A. Boveia, Jamie Boyd, Diallo Boye, Igor Boyko, Leon Bozianu, J. Braciník, N. Brahimi, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, B. Brau, Jim Brau, A. Roy, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, G. Brianti, D. Britton, Daniel Britzger, I. Brock, R. Brock, G. Brooijmans, Jammel Brooks, Ethan Michael Brooks, Liza Brost, L. M. Brown, L. E. Bruce, Tim Lukas Bruckler, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Ben Bruers, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, D. Brunner, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, D. Buchin, A. G. Buckley, O. Bulekov, B. A. Bullard, S. Burdin, Carsten Burgard, A. M. Burger, B. Burghgrave, O. Burlayenko, Jared Dynes Burleson, J. C. Burzynski, E. L. Busch, V. Büscher, P. J. Bussey, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, W. Buttinger, Carlos Josue Buxo Vazquez, Alexey Buzykaev, S. Cabrera Urbán, L. Cadamuro, H. Cai, Yuchen Cai, Yizhou Cai, V. M. M. Cairo, Ö. Çakır, N. Calace, P. Calafiura, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, Lara Calic, G. Callea, L. P. Caloba, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, R. Camacho Toro, S. Camarda, D. Camarero Munoz, P. Camarri, C. Camincher, M. Campanelli, A. Camplani, V. Canale, Ali Can Canbay, Enzo Canonero, J. Cantero, Y. Cao, F. Capocasa, M. Capua, A. Carbone, R. Cardarelli, Juan Carlos Cardenas, Michael Patrick Cardiff, Giovandomenico Carducci, T. Carli, G. Carlino, G. Carlino, Ben Carlson, Evan Michael Carlson, J. Carmignani, L. Carminati, Alberto Carnelli, M. Carnesale, Sascha Caron, E. Carquín, Isabel Beth Carr, S. Carrá, G. Carratta, A. Carroll, Maria del Pilar Casado Lechuga, Pierluigi Casolaro, M. Caspar, F. L. Castillo, L. Castillo García, V. Castillo Gimenez, N. F. Castro, A. Catinaccio, J. R. Catmore, Tom Cavaliere, V. Cavaliere, Laura Juliana Caviedes Betancourt, Emre Celebi, Sofia Cella, V. Cepaitis, K. Černý, A. S. Cerqueira, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, F. Cerutti, B. Cervato, A. Cervelli, Gianmario Cesarini, S. A. Çetin, Paul Mickael Chabrillat, Ragansu Chakkappai, Snigdho Chakraborty, J. Chan, W. Y. Chan, J. D. Chapman, É. Chapon, B. Chargeishvili, Dave Charlton, C. Chauhan, Y. Che, S. Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, G. Chelkov, Boping Chen, B. Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, Jing Chen, J. Chen, Maggie Chen, S. Chen, S. J. Chen, Xiang Chen, Alkaid Cheng, S. Cheong, A. Cheplakov, E. Cherepanova, Rajaa Cherkaoui, E. Cheu, Kingman Cheung, L. Chevalier, V. Chiarella, G. Chiarelli, A. Chien, G. Chiodini, Andrew Stephen Chisholm, A. Chitan, M. Chitishvili, M. V. Chizhov, K. Choi, Y. Chou, Edwin Chow, Michael Kwok Lam Chu, M. C. Chu, X. Chu, Zaza Chubinidze, J. Chudoba, J. J. Chwastowski, D. Cieri, K. M. Ciesla, V. Cindro, Alessandra Ciocio, Francesco Cirotto, Zvi Citron, M. Citterio, Dan Andrei Ciubotaru, A. Clark, P. J. Clark, Noah Clarke Hall, Cameron Clarry, Savannah Clawson, C. Clément, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, R. F. Coelho Barrue, R. Coelho Lopes De, S. Coelli, Luca Sesto Colangeli, Brian Andrew Cole, Pablo Collado Soto, Maria Rita Coluccia, P. Conde Muíño, Matt Connell, S. H. Connell, E. I. Conroy, F. Conventi, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, Lorenzo Corazzina, Federico Andrea Corchia, A. Cordeiro Oudot Choi, L. D. Corpe, M. Corradi, F. Corriveau, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, Maria Jose Costa Mezquita, F. Costanza, D. Costanzo, B. M. Cote, Jeremy Couthures, G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, Lucas Cremer, D. Cremonini, Sabine Chrystel Crepe-Renaudin, F. Crescioli, Tommaso Cresta, M. Cristinziani, M. Cristoforetti, V. Croft, J. E. Crosby, Nanni Crosetti, A. Cueto, H. Cui, Z. Cui, Betsy Cunnett, Liam Cunningham, F. Curcio, Jennifer Rachel Curran, Mario Sousa, J. V. Da Fonseca Pinto, C. Da Vià, W. Dąbrowski, T. Dado, S. Dahbi, T. Dai, D. Dal Santo, C. Dallapiccola, M. Dam, G. D’amen, V. D’Amico, Johannes Frederic Damp, J. R. Dandoy, Matteo Dandrea, D. Dannheim, Gabriele d'Anniballe, M. Danninger, V. Dao, Nanni Darbo, S. J. Das, F. Dattola, S. D’Auria, Antonio d'Avanzo, T. Davídek, Joel Davidson, I. Dawson, Carolina de Almeida Rossi, R. De Asmundis, R. de Asmundis, Stefano de Castro, N. De Groot, Paul de Jong, H. De la Torre, Antonio de Maria, A. De Salvo, U. De Sanctis, F. De Santis, A. De Santo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, D. V. Dedovich, J. Degens, A. M. Deiana, Jose del Peso, L. Delagrange, F. Déliot, C. M. Delitzsch, M. Della Pietra, D. della Volpe, A. Dell’Acqua, L. Dell’Asta, Marco Delmastro, Claudia Caterina Delogu, P. A. Delsart, S. Demers, M. Demichev, S. P. Denisov, H. Denizli, L. D’Eramo, D. Derendarz, F. Derue, P. Dervan, Aman Mukeshbhai Desai, Klaus Desch, Alastair Dewhurst, F. A. Di Bello, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Domenico, C. Di Donato, Alessandro Di Girolamo, G. Di Gregorio, A. Di Luca, B. Di Micco, R. Di Nardo, K. F. Di Petrillo, Magda Diamantopoulou, F. A. Dias, M. A. Díaz, M. Didenko, Sascha Diefenbacher, E. B. Diehl, S. Díez Cornell, C. Diez Pardos, C. Dimitriadi, A. Dimitrievska, Aman Dimri, Yongkun Ding, J. Dingfelder, Thomas Benjamin Dingley, I-M. Dinu, S. J. Dittmeier, Fido Dittus, M. Divisek, Bhupesh Dixit, F. Djama, T. Djobava, C. Doglioni, Adriana Dohnalova, Z. Doležal, Karolina Domijan, Kristin Dona, M. Donadelli, Binbin Dong, J. Donini, A. D’onofrio, M. D’Onofrio, Jens Dopke, A. Doria, N. Dos Santos Fernandes, Igo Amauri dos Santos Luz, P. Dougan, M. T. Dova, Tony Doyle, Matthias Peter Drescher, E. Dreyer, I. Drivas-koulouris, Matthew Drnevich, D. Du, Tristan Du Pree, Zonghuan Duan, Mathis Dubau, Filipp Dubinin, M. Dubovsky, E. Duchovni, G. Duckeck, Philippa Kathryn Duckett, O. A. Ducu, D. Duda, A. Dudarev, Emily Rose Duden, Matteo d'Uffizi, L. Duflot, Michael Duehrssen-Debling, Ioana Duminica, A. E. Dumitriu, M. Dunford, K. Dunne, A. Duperrin, Hatice Yildiz, A. Durglishvili, D. Duvnjak, Ian Dyckes, M. Dyndał, B. S. Dziedzic, Z. O. Earnshaw, G. H. Eberwein, B. Eckerova, E. Egidio Purcino De Souza, G. Eigen, K. Einsweiler, P. A. Ekman, S. El Farkh, Y. El Ghazali, H. El Jarrari, A. El Moussaouy, M. Ellert, F. Ellinghaus, Tom Elliot, Nick Ellis, J. Elmsheuser, M. Elsing, D. Emeliyanov, Y. Enari, I. Ene, S. Epari, Daniel Ernani Martins Neto, Florian Ernst, M. Errenst, M. Escalier, C. Escobar, Erez Etzion, G. Evans, H. Evans, Levi Evans, Aleksei Ezhilov, S. Ezzarqtouni, F. Fabbri, L. Fabbri, G. Facini, V. Fadeyev, R. M. Fakhrutdinov, D. Fakoudis, S. Falciano, Luis Falda Coelho, F. Fallavollita, Gregorio Falsetti, J. Faltova, Cunwei Fan, Ka Yan Fan, Y. Fan, Y. Fang, M. Fanti, M. Faraj, Z. Farazpay, Amir Farbin, A. Farilla, Kiran Farman, T. Farooque, J. N. Farr, S. M. Farrington, F. Fassi, D. Fassouliotis, L. Fayard, P. Federic, Pavla Federicova, O. L. Fedin, M. Feickert, L. Feligioni, D. E. Fellers, C. Feng, Z. Feng, L. Ferencz, Beltran Fernandez Barbadillo, P. Fernandéz Martinéz, Maxime Fernoux, J. Ferrando, A. Ferrari, Pamela Ferrari, Roberto Ferrari, D. Ferrère, C. Ferretti, Matthew Fewell, Davide Fiacco, F. Fiedler, P. Fiedler, S. Filimonov, Matei Stefan Filip, A. Filipčič, E. K. Filmer, F. Filthaut, M. C. N. Fiolhais, L. Fiorini, W. C. Fisher, T. Fitschen, Peter Michael Fitzhugh, I. Fleck, P. Fleischmann, T. Flick, M. Flores, L. R. Flores Castillo, L. Flores Sanz De Acedo, F. M. Follega, N. Fomin, J. H. Foo, A. Formica, A. C. Forti, E. Fortin, A. W. Fortman, L. Foster, L. Fountas, D. Fournier, H. Fox, P. Francavilla, S. Francescato, M. Franchini, S. Franchino, David Francis, L. Franco, Vinicius Franco Lima, M. Franklin, G. Frattari, Johnny Friend, N. Fritzsche, A. Froch, D. Froidevaux, James Frost, Yao Fu, Sebastian Julio Fuenzalida Garrido, M. Fujimoto, Kin Yip Fung, E. Furtado De Simas Filho, M. Furukawa, J. Fuster, Anne Gaa, A. Gabrielli, A. Gabrielli, P. Gadow, G. Gagliardi, L. G. Gagnon, Safa Gaid, S. Galantzan, J. Gallagher, E. J. Gallas, Axel Gallén, B. J. Gallop, K. K. Gan, Sanmay Ganguly, Y. Gao, Ali Garabaglu, Francisca Garay Walls, C. Garcı́a, Andrea García Alonso, A. G. Garcia Caffaro, J. E. García Navarro, Miguel Angel Garcia Ruiz, M. Garcia-Sciveres, Gwen Llewellyn Gardner, R. W. Gardner, N. Garelli, R. B. Garg, J. M. Gargan, Christopher Andrew Garner, Cameron Michael Garvey, V. K. Gassmann, G. Gaudio, Viveka Gautam, P. Gauzzi, C. Gay, I. L. Gavrilenko, A. Gavrilyuk, C. Gay, G. Gaycken, Evangelos Gazis, C. Gemme, M. H. Genest, Andrew Donald Gentry, Simon George, T. Geralis, Achmad Aditya Gerwin, P. Gessinger-Befurt, Marvin Emin Geyik, Mohammed Ghani, K. Ghorbanian, A. Ghosal, Anindya Ghosh, S. Giagu, Tommaso Giani, A. Giannini, S. M. Gibson, M. Gignac, D. T. Gil, A. K. Gilbert, B. J. Gilbert, Dag Gillberg, G. Gilles, D. M. Gingrich, M. P. Giordani, Domenico Giordano, P. F. Giraud, G. Giugliarelli, D. Giugni, F. Giuli, I. Gkialas, L. K. Gladilin, C. Glasman, M. Glazewska, G. Glemža, Marija Glisic, Ivan Gnesi, Y. Go, M. Goblirsch-Kolb, D. Godin, B. Gokturk, S. Goldfarb, T. Golling, Mpho Gift Doctor Gololo, D. Golubkov, J. P. Gombas, Agostinho da Silva Gomes, Gabriel Gomes, Antonio Jesus Gomez Delegido, R. Gonçalo, L. Gonella, A. Gongadze, Francesco Gonnella, J. L. Gonski, R. Y. González Andana, S. González de la Hoz, Marcus Vinícius Gonzalez Rodrigues, R. Gonzalez Suarez, S. González-Sevilla, L. Goossens, E. Gorini, A. Gorišek, Thomas Christopher Gosart, Al Goshaw, M. I. Gostkin, S. Goswami, C. A. Gottardo, S. A. Gotz, M. Gouighri, A. G. Goussiou, N. Govender, R. P. Grabarczyk, I. Grabowska-Bołd, K. Graham, E. Gramstad, S. Grancagnolo, Charles Michael Grant, P. M. Gravila, F. G. Gravili, H. M. Gray, M. Greco, C. Grefe, Aurora Singstad Grefsrud, I. M. Gregor, Kevin Thomas Greif, P. Grenier, Simon Gabriel Grewe, A. A. Grillo, S. Grinstein, J.-F. Grivaz, Eilam Gross, J. Große-Knetter, L. Guan, Giovanni Guerrieri, Ruben Guevara, R. Gugel, Jem Aizen Mendiola Guhit, A. Guida, E. Guilloton, S. Guindon, Fangyi Guo, Jun Guo, L. Guo, L. Guo, A. Gupta, Shubham Gupta, S. Gurbuz, S. S. Gurdasani, G. Gustavino, Phillip Gutierrez, L. F. Gutierrez Zagazeta, Manuel Gutsche, C. Gütschow, C. Gwenlan, C. B. Gwilliam, Even Simonsen Haaland, A. Haas, M. Habedank, C. Haber, H. K. Hadavand, Abdelhamid Haddad, A. Hadef, A. I. Hagan, Jan Joachim Hahn, M. Haleem, J. Haley, G. D. Hallewell, K. Hamano, H. Hamdaoui, M. Hamer, Emily Hampshire, J. Han, L. Han, Liang Han, Shuo Han, K. Hanagaki, Mike Hance, D. A. Hangal, Hamza Hanif, M. D. Hank, J. B. Hansen, P. H. Hansen, Daigo Harada, T. Harenberg, S. Harkusha, M. L. Harris, Ynyr Harris, Jack Harrison, Natalie Marie Harrison, Paul Fraser Harrison, Max Hart, N. M. Hartman, R. Z. Hasan, Y. Hasegawa, Florian Haslbeck, Sohaib Hassan, R. Hauser, Matej Haviernik, Chris Hawkes, R. J. Hawkings, Y. Hayashi, D. Hayden, C. Hayes, C. P. Hays, J. M. Hays, Helen Hayward, M. He, Y. He, Y. He, Nathan Heatley, V. Hedberg, C. Heidegger, K. K. Heidegger, J. Heilman, S. Heim, T. Heim, J. G. Heinlein, J. J. Heinrich, L. Heinrich, Jiri Hejbal, Manfred Helbig, A. Held, S. Hellesund, C. M. Helling, S. Hellman, Ana Maria Henriques Correia, H. Herde, Y. Hernández Jiménez, Tim Herrmann, G. Herten, R. Hertenberger, L. Hervás, M. E. Hesping, Nigel Hessey, Johannes Baltasar Heßler, Mourad Hidaoui, Nihad Hidic, E. Hill, Tarje Solberg Hillersoy, S. J. Hillier, Julia Rose Hinds, Florian Hinterkeuser, M. Hirose, S. Hirose, D. Hirschbuehl, Tom Hitchings, Bojan Hiti, J. Hobbs, Radu Hobincu, N. Hod, M. C. Hodgkinson, Ben Hodkinson, A. Hoecker, D. D. Hofer, J. Hofer, M. Holzbock, Bart Hommels, V. Homsak, B. P. Honan, J. J. Hong, T. M. Hong, Benjamin Henry Hooberman, W. H. Hopkins, Matthew Caleb Hoppesch, Y. Horii, Malin Elisabeth Horstmann, Suen Hou, Mason Ray Housenga, J. Hoya, M. Hrabovský, T. Hryn’ova, Pai-Hsien Hsu, S.‐C. Hsu, Tao Hsu, Miao Hu, Q. Hu, S. Huang, Xinhui Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Yanping Huang, Zuchen Huang, Z. Hubáček, M. Huebner, F. Huegging, T. B. Huffman, Mateus Hufnagel, Cedrine Alexandra Hugli, Mika Huhtinen, S. K. Huiberts, R. Hulsken, Daniel Lewis Humphreys, N. Huseynov, Joey Huston, J. Huth, R. Hyneman, G. Iacobucci, G. Iakovidis, L. Iconomidou-Fayard, J. P. Iddon, P. Iengo, R. Iguchi, Y. Iiyama, T. Iizawa, Y. Ikegami, D. Iliadis, N. Ilic, H. Imam, Guilherme Inácio Gonçalves, Sebastian Alonso Infante Cabanas, T. Ingebretsen Carlson, G. Introzzi, M. Iodice, V. Ippolito, Rebecca Katie Irwin, M. Ishino, W. Islam, Ç. İşsever, S. Iştın, Kosuke Itabashi, Hiroki Ito, R. Iuppa, Anna Ivina, Vincenzo Izzo, Petr Jacka, P. Jackson, P. Jain, T. Jakoubek, J. Jamieson, M. Javurkova, Samuel Jankovych, Pratik Jawahar, L. Jeanty, J. Jejelava, P. Jenni, C. E. Jessiman, C. Jia, H. Jia, J. Jia, X. Jia, Zihang Jia, Cheng Jiang, Qimin Jiang, S. Jiggins, Miguel Jimenez Ortega, J. Jiménez Peña, S. Jin, A. Jinaru, O. Jinnouchi, P. Johansson, K. A. Johns, Jacob C. Johnson, Fiona Ann Jolly, Dominic Jones, E. Jones, Kyle Scott Jones, P. Jones, R. W. L. Jones, Tim Jones, Hans Ludwig Joos, J. Jovicevic, X. Ju, J. J. Junggeburth, T. Junkermann, A. Juste Rozas, M. K. Juzek, S. Kabana, A. Kaczmarská, Sadaf Aliah Kadir, H. Kagan, M. Kagan, A. Kahn, C. Kahra, T. Kaji, Enrique Kajomovitz Must, N. Kakati, Niraj Kakoty, I. Kalaitzidou, Suman Kandel, N. J. Kang, D. Kar, E. Karentzos, O. Karkout, S. N. Karpov, Z. M. Karpova, Vato Kartvelishvili, A. N. Karyukhin, E. Kasimi, J. Katzy, S. Kaur, K. Kawade, Mayuri Prabhakar Kawale, C. Kawamoto, T. Kawamoto, E. F. Kay, Colette Kaya, Stergios Kazakos, V. F. Kazanin, J. Keaveney, R. Keeler, Gustavs Kehris, J. S. Keller, Mitch Kelly, J. J. Kempster, O. Kepka, Justin Kerr, B. P. Kerridge, B. P. Kerševan, L. Keszeghova, Raees Ahmad Khan, A. Khanov, T. Alexopoulos, T. Kharlamova, E. E. Khoda, T. J. Khoo, G. Khoriauli, Youssef Khoulaki, J. Khubua, Y. A. R. Khwaira, Beatty Kibirige, D. Kim, Dongwon Kim, Young-Kee Kim, Naoki Kimura, Matthew Kevin Kingston, A. Kirchhoff, C. Kirfel, Florian Kirfel, J. Kirk, Andrei Kiryunin, Sayuka Kita, O. Kivernyk, M. Klassen, C. Klein, Lucas Klein, M. Klein, S. B. Klein, U. Klein, A. Klimentov, T. Klioutchnikova, Peter Kluit, S. Kluth, E. Kneringer, T. M. Knight, A. Knue, M. Kobel, D. Kobylianskii, S. F. Koch, M. Kocian, P. Kodyš, T. Koffas, Orcun Kolay, Iro Koletsou, T. Komárek, K. Köneke, A. X. Y. Kong, T. Kono, N. Konstantinidis, Pantelis Kontaxakis, B. Kónya, Revital Kopeliansky, S. Koperny, Tatiana Korchuganova, K. Korcyl, K. Kordas, S. Korn, Ilya Korolkov, N. Korotkova, B. Kortman, O. Kortner, S. Kortner, Will Kostecka, Matus Kostov, V. V. Kostyukhin, A. Kotsokechagia, A. Kotwal, A. Koulouris, A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, C. Kourkoumelis, E. Kourlitis, Ondrej Kovanda, R. Kowalewski, Witold Kozanecki, Anatoli Kozhin, V. A. Kramarenko, G. Kramberger, P. Kramer, M. W. Krasny, A. Krasznahorkay, Jack Kraus, J. W. 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Tskhadadze, Maria-Evanthia Tsopoulou, Yoshiaki Tsujikawa, Ilia Tsukerman, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Soshi Tsuno, Kimu Tsuri, D. Tsybychev, Y. Tu, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, S. B. Tuncay, S. Turchikhin, İ. Türk Çakır, R. Turra, Mike Tuts, S. Tzamarias, E. Tzovara, Y. Uematsu, F. Ukegawa, P. A. Ulloa Poblete, E. N. Umaka, G. Unal, A. Undrus, G. Ünel, P. Urrejola, G. Usai, R. Ushioda, M. Usman, Fuat Ustuner, Z. Uysal, Vic Vacek, B. Vachon, Theodoros Vafeiadis, A. Vaitkus, C. Valderanis, E. Valdes Santurio, M. Valente, S. Valentinetti, A. Valero, E. Valiente Moreno, J. A. Valls Ferrer, D. R. Van Arneman, A. Van Der Graaf, Hannah van der Schyf, P. van Gemmeren, M. Van Rijnbach, Samuel van Stroud, I. van Vulpen, Pavel Vana, M. Vanadia, U. M. Vande Voorde, W. Vandelli, D. Vannicola, Leonardo Vannoli, R. Vari, M. Varma, E. W. Varnes, D. Varouchas, L. Varriale, K. E. Varvell, M. E. Vasile, Louis Vaslin, Mirella Dimitrova Vassilev, A. Vasyukov, Luke Martin Vaughan, Radek Vavricka, T. Vazquez Schroeder, J. Veatch, V. Vecchio, M. J. Veen, I. Veliscek, Iskra Velkovska, Laurelle Maria Veloce, F. Veloso, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, Andrii Verbytskyi, M. Verducci, C. Vergis, M. Verissimo De Araujo, W. Verkerke, J. C. Vermeulen, C. Vernieri, Makayla Vessella, M. C. Vetterli, A. Vgenopoulos, N. Viaux Maira, T. Vickey, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, G. H. A. Viehhauser, L. Vigani, Matthias Vigl, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, Elena Michelle Villhauer, E. Vilucchi, M. Vincent, M. G. Vincter, A. Visibile, C. Vittori, I. Vivarelli, E. Voevodina, Johann Christoph Voigt, P. Vokáč, Yu. Volkotrub, Luka Vomberg, E. Von Toerne, B. Vormwald, K. Vorobev, M. Vos, K. Voss, M. Vozak, L. Vozdecký, N. Vranješ, M. Vranješ Milosavljević, N. K. Vu, R. Vuillermet, O. Vujinovic, I. Vukotić, Ishan Kiritbhai Vyas, S. Wada, Cooper Wagner, Johannes Michael Wagner, W. Wagner, Shayma Wahdan, H. Wahlberg, Connor Hilton Waits, J. Walder, R. Walker, K. Walkingshaw Pass, W. Walkowiak, Andie Wall, Erik Jakob Wallin, Tanvi Wamorkar, Katinka Wandall-Christensen, A. M. Wang, Alex Zeng Wang, C. Wang, Chenliang Wang, Haichen Wang, Jiawei Wang, P. Wang, P. Wang, Rongkun Wang, R. Wang, S. M. Wang, S. Wang, Tao Wang, Tianao Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Zirui Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Wanotayaroj, A. Warburton, Adam Leonard Warnerbring, Sam Waterhouse, Harriet Watson, M. F. Watson, Elliot Watton, Benedict Martin Waugh, James Maitland Webb, C. Weber, H. A. Weber, M. Weber, S. M. Weber, Chuanshun Wei, Y. Wei, Anthony Weidberg, E. J. Weik, J. Weingarten, C. Weiser, C. J. Wells, T. Wenaus, T. Wengler, Nina Stephanie Wenke, N. Wermes, M. Wessels, A. M. Wharton, A. S. White, M. J. White, D. Whiteson, Lakmin Wickremasinghe, W. Wiedenmann, M. Wielers, Renske Wierda, C. Wiglesworth, H. G. Wilkens, J. J. H. Wilkinson, Daniel Williams, H. H. Williams, S. Willocq, Benjamin James Wilson, Danielle Joan Wilson-Edwards, P. J. Windischhofer, F. I. Winkel, B. T. 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Zeitnitz, H. Zeng, Jiancong Zeng, Todd Zenger, T. Ženiš, S. Zenz, D. Zerwas, M. Zhai, D. F. Zhang, Jinlong Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, Lei Zhang, P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhuolin Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Zhengguo Zhao, Zihan Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, J. Zheng, Kai Zheng, X. Zheng, Z. Zheng, D. Zhong, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Yong Zhou, You Zhou, Chengguang Zhu, Junjie Zhu, Xuliang Zhu, Yifan Zhu, Yingchun Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, N. I. Zimine, Joachim Zinsser, Michal Ziolkowski, L. Živković, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T. G. Zorbas, O. Zormpa, L. Zwalinski
Bibliographic record
VenueThe European Physical Journal C · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicGreen IT and Sustainability
Canadian institutionsSimon Fraser UniversityYork UniversityUniversity of British ColumbiaTRIUMFCarleton UniversityUniversity of TorontoUniversity of VictoriaMcGill UniversityUniversity of AlbertaUniversité de MontréalInstitute of Particle Physics
FundersCHIST-ERAH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónAgencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y TecnológicaFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceVetenskapsrådetHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeNarodowa Agencja Wymiany AkademickiejForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyNational Science and Technology CouncilEuropean Social FundRoyal SocietyCentre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et TechniqueEuropean Regional Development FundBritish Columbia Knowledge Development FundMax-Planck-GesellschaftCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoBundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und WirtschaftGeneralitat de CatalunyaGeneralitat ValencianaAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloUK Research and InnovationIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareU.S. Department of EnergyCarl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig ForskningMinistero dell'Università e della RicercaGrantová Agentura České RepublikyAustrian Science FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungEngineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEuropean CommissionLeverhulme TrustFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloScience and Technology Facilities CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaAgence Nationale de la RechercheNational Science FoundationVMwareBaden-Württemberg StiftungH2020 European Research CouncilNorges ForskningsrådAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungTRIUMFDanmarks GrundforskningsfondTürkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma KurumuCanarieCERNCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsSustainabilityAtlas (anatomy)Green computingOrder (exchange)Large Hadron ColliderEnvironmental impact assessment
Abstract
Abstract ATLAS, a general-purpose experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), makes use of a large internationally-distributed computing infrastructure, including over $$10^6$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> TB of managed data on disk and tape and almost one million simultaneously running CPU cores. Upgrades for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will increase the required computing resources by a factor of 3–4 by the beginning of the 2030s, and by an order of magnitude before the conclusion of data taking at the beginning of the 2040s. These resources are spread over around 100 computing sites worldwide. Efforts are underway within the experiment to evaluate and mitigate various aspects of the environmental impact of the sites, with the additional long-term goal of making recommendations to the sites that will significantly reduce the total expected environmental impact in the HL-LHC era. These efforts take several forms: building awareness in the experiment community, adjusting aspects of the computing policy, and modifications of data center configurations, either in ways that take advantage of particular features of ATLAS workloads or in generic ways that reduce the environmental impact of the computing resources. This paper describes the ongoing investigations and approaches that have already provided useful and actionable outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.756
Threshold uncertainty score0.181
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.245
Teacher spread0.240 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes