Synthesis and Optical Properties of Unsymmetric Aromatically π-Extended BODIPY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of unsymmetrically substituted BODIPY dyes featuring fused benzo- or naphtho-fragments on one pyrrolic unit were synthesized from the corresponding pyrrolic precursors. The synthetic route was optimized using a modular approach based on the condensation of formylpyrroles with alkylpyrroles, enabling the identification of precursor combinations that minimize byproduct formation and improve preparative yields. The resulting benzo- and naphtho-fused BODIPYs display intense fluorescence in the red region, with emission maxima spanning 590-680 nm and fluorescence quantum yields ranging from 0.27 to 0.84. Their two-photon absorption (2PA) properties were studied both experimentally and computationally. An increase in the two-photon absorption cross-section with an increase in the size of the π-conjugated system was observed, reaching 80 GM for the naphthoBODIPY derivative. These findings demonstrate the potential of π-extended BODIPY scaffolds as NIR-active fluorophores with enhanced nonlinear optical properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".