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Record W4414090312 · doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103595

Equity, diversity and inclusion in Canada's forest sector labour force: Are we making progress?

2025· article· en· W4414090312 on OpenAlex
John Boakye-Danquah, Stephen Wyatt, Maureen G. Reed

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueForest Policy and Economics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicForest Management and Policy
Canadian institutionsUniversité de MonctonUniversity of Saskatchewan
FundersNatural Resources CanadaSocial Sciences and Humanities Research CouncilSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsCommitIndigenousDiversity (politics)Government (linguistics)CensusInclusion (mineral)ImmigrationInequality

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Around the world, the labour force supporting commercial forestry has been male-dominated and Canada is no exception. Women, Indigenous Peoples and immigrants in Canada often face systemic barriers such as racism, sexism that result in specific inequalities including income disparities, job segregation, and uneven opportunities for training and mentorship. In response, federal and provincial governments, industry, and educational institutions have introduced policies and taken action to enhance equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the labour force across multiple sectors. In this paper, we explore Canada's progress in building a diverse and equitable forestry labour force. We analysed data from national forestry strategies (1981–2019), State of Canada's Forests Reports (1990–2023), and the quinquennial national Census (1991–2021), using proxies to examine progress in employment opportunities and representation of three equity-denied groups: women, Indigenous Peoples, and immigrants. Although there are high-level policies for EDI, federal government documents for the forest sector revealed little attention to EDI, with the exception of promoting opportunities for Indigenous workers. Census data show slow and uneven progress with respect to labour force participation, income, and job segregation in forestry. While there is progress in opportunities for Indigenous people, the data show that they still have lower incomes and occupy fewer management positions than others employed in commercial forestry. We reflect on several limitationsin the available data and conclude that if the forest sector in Canada and other similar contexts seeks to advance EDI in its forestry labour force, it must commit to broad motivations for diversity beyond industry competitiveness, set clear targets, introduce new practices, take action and publicly report on the results.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesOpen science
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.257
Threshold uncertainty score0.982

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.026
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.248
Teacher spread0.231 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it