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Record W4414111246 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330849

Improving spaces for women first responders: A grounded theory on gender equity

2025· article· en· W4414111246 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Kelly Gregory, John G. Mielke, Elena Neiterman

Bibliographic record

VenuePLoS ONE · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicOccupational Health and Performance
Canadian institutionsUniversity of WaterlooPublic Health OntarioUniversity of Toronto
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaMinistère de la Défense NationaleUniversity of WaterlooFederation for the Humanities and Social Sciences
KeywordsGrounded theoryInclusion (mineral)Constructivist grounded theoryGender diversityDiversity (politics)Gender equityGender biasPopulationEquity (law)Feminist theory

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Emergency response work has historically been performed by men and thus designed with them in mind; however, during the past few decades, increasing numbers of women are conducting this work. Despite growing participation, research suggests women first responders continue to face unsupportive workplace structures and cultures. This study explored the occupational experiences of women who work as firefighters, police officers, and paramedics from Southern Ontario, Canada. Semi-structured interviews conducted with this population (n = 20) focused on resiliency and stress, diversity and inclusion, and gender and the role of professional identity. Constructivist grounded theory guided analysis and cross-profession comparisons. Participants described significant improvements to women's inclusion in first response work, however, they also identified continuing challenges. While some environments were described as highly supportive, many women still faced sexism and glass ceilings. Despite persisting obstacles, participants were deeply passionate about their work, and actively encouraged other women to join the field. Study results suggest that future advances can be encouraged by addressing the need for improved access to uniforms and equipment, on-the-job training to address barriers to promotions, flexible scheduling and childcare supports, and legislating equity, diversity, and inclusion training for all leaders and workers in the first responder community.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.244
Threshold uncertainty score0.910

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.244
GPT teacher head0.452
Teacher spread0.208 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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