Perceptual Distinction of English /l/ and /ɹ/ by Japanese Native Speakers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The conventional belief of language acquisition studies assumes that language learners must first be able to perceive phonetic differences between sounds before they can produce said sounds distinctly. In particular, second language acquisition theorists typically assume that phonologically distinct sound production in L2 (the second language) cannot happen without its perceptual distinction. However, existing research regarding native Japanese speakers learning English challenges this framework. While we were unable to conduct a full study due to constraints of time and resources, we were interested in investigating sound perception in Japanese speakers with a low level of proficiency in English. In this study, we tested five participants who were native Japanese speakers who had spent between six months to a year in Canada. Their ability to differentiate /l/ and /ɹ/ sounds in minimal pairs were tested and graded, with the results analyzed for patterns or tendencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".