Effects of soil moisture on competition between a central New York State Johnsongrass (<i>Sorghum halepense</i>) biotype and corn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The troublesome weed Johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is predicted to expand its range under climate change. In the process, it is likely to become more competitive in corn (Z ea mays L.) production areas of the northeastern United States and southern Canada. A replicated greenhouse experiment was conducted to measure interspecific and intraspecific competition between an S. halepense biotype from central New York State (northern range edge) and corn under drought and well-watered conditions. Drought stress significantly reduced the biomass and height of corn and S. halepense in both rounds of the experiment (P < 0.001). Drought stress increased the root-to-shoot ratio of S. halepense (P < 0.001) and reduced the root-to-shoot ratio of corn (P < 0.001). In one run of the experiment, corn produced 19.3% more aboveground biomass (P < 0.001) and 6.6% more height (P < 0.001) when competing with an S. halepense plant (interspecific competition) than when competing with a second corn plant (intraspecific competition). Drought conditions increased the advantage of corn plants grown under interspecific relative to intraspecific competition (P = 0.012). In that round of the experiment, biomass of S. halepense was 12.9% higher under intraspecific competition than interspecific competition in the well-watered treatment and 15.5% higher under intraspecific competition than interspecific competition in the drought treatment (main effect of competition, P = 0.002). Differences between competition treatments were smaller in the other round of the experiment (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that the New York S. halepense biotype used in this study may not be as competitive as biotypes found in this weed’s range core in more southern regions of the United States. However, anticipated effects of climate change may increase the abundance and competitiveness of this species in the northeastern United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".