Alloparental adoption of offspring by conspecific female spiders regardless of sociality level (Araneae, Theridiidae, <i>Anelosimus</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maternal care, including offspring feeding, occurs in 20 theridiid, eresid, and agelenid spider species. The objective of this study was to determine whether females of four species of the genus Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) feed on the offspring of other mothers and whether they are able to recognize their own offspring. This project focused on females from species of the same genus with different degrees of sociality: a social species ( Anelosimus dubiosus (Keyserling, 1891)), an intermediate species ( Anelosimus jabaquara Levi, 1956), a subsocial species ( Anelosimus baeza Agnarsson, 2006), and a solitary species ( Anelosimus nigrescens (Keyserling, 1884)). We observed six behaviors in the four Anelosimus species, without significant differences in frequency among the species. The lack of offspring recognition could be one of the mechanisms that facilitates the evolution of alloparental care, promotes adoption and cooperation, and increases offspring survival. The evolution of alloparental care is key to elucidating the evolution of cooperative life. These data shed light on the evolutionary pathways leading to different types of sociality in spiders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".