Changes in vertical strain and breakage of gravel mudstone due to wetting and drying cycles coupled with temperature changes in the oedometer test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates gravel mudstone’s compression and particle breakage characteristics subjected to wetting and drying (W/D) cycles, known as slaking. A modified oedometer apparatus was developed to simulate the W/D cycle coupled with a heating and cooling cycle under different vertical stress conditions. In addition, a needle penetration test was carried out to investigate the penetration resistance of a specimen along the W/D cycles. Oedometer test results indicated that vertical strain from the W/D cycles stabilized once the void ratio approached that of the reconstituted fine-grained state of the material. Additionally, the void reduction induced by each cycle showed a linear relationship with the excess void ratio above the reconstituted state under the given vertical stress condition. Throughout the W/D cycles, the increase in relative particle breakage was limited under higher stress conditions, where the void ratio played a key role in controlling breakage. Penetration resistance increases with increasing particle size and density. The particle size decreases, but the density increases along the W/D cycles. This trade-off increases penetration resistance during the initial W/D cycles due to densification, but limits further improvement in later cycles as particle breakage becomes more dominant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".