Understanding the formation of starch structure during grain development in two wheat cultivars with different filling rate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apart from starch content, structure is also vital for the eating and nutritional qualities of final products. The study investigated how the starch structure changed during grain filling period using two wheat cultivars with different filling rate. The starch biosynthesis during grain filling was not at uniform speed and most of starches were synthesized before 19 DAF. The starch structure establishment was latter than starch accumulation, but the structure formed at early stage of grain filling was highly related to the final one. The process of starch biosynthesis was closely accompanied by the elongation of amylose chains, increase on branch numbers, B-type granule number and expansion of A-type granule. Further analysis on expression profiles of key genes involved in starch biosynthesis demonstrated that different genes exhibited varying responsiveness to the filling rate, and the resulting imbalance in gene expression may underlie the observed structural differences. Faster filling promoted earlier activation of starch-biosynthesis genes, particularly GBSSI, leading to preferential elongation of amylose chains, higher crystallinity, and more B-type granules. The results will provide new insights to understanding the formation starch structure during grain filling, which may benefit future research on management and breeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".