Beauvericin, synthesized by entomopathogenic fungi, as a promising natural pesticide of <scp> <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i> </scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Beauvericin (BEA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Fusarium spp., known for its insecticidal properties. Leptinotarsa decemlineata, commonly known as the Colorado potato beetle, is a major pest that feeds primarily on potato plants. Over time, this species has developed resistance to many conventional insecticides, highlighting the need for novel control agents. BEA was purified from three B. bassiana and three I. fumosorosea strains using a molecularly imprinted cryogel column and tested for its efficacy against fourth-instar larvae of L. decemlineata. To determine the optimal method for its application, BEA derived from the B. bassiana Lul1 isolate was initially evaluated using three methods: injection, spraying and leaf-dipping. RESULTS: The lethal time for 50% mortality for the injection, spraying and leaf-dipping methods were determined to be 7.8, 8.5 and 9.7 days. The spraying method was selected for subsequent dose-mortality studies using four concentrations of BEA from three B. bassiana and three I. fumosorosea isolates, and a commercial BEA. Significant differences in the lethal concentration for 50% mortality (LC₅₀) values were observed across different post-exposure times. On days 5, 8 and 10, LC₅₀ values were 218.39, 0.07 and 0.04 μg/mL, respectively for the extract obtained from the B. bassiana isolate KVL 03129. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, BEA has significant potential as an effective insecticide candidate for controlling L. decemlineata populations, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemical insecticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".