Beauvericin, synthesized by entomopathogenic fungi, as a promising natural pesticide of <scp> <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i> </scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Beauvericin (BEA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Fusarium spp., known for its insecticidal properties. Leptinotarsa decemlineata, commonly known as the Colorado potato beetle, is a major pest that feeds primarily on potato plants. Over time, this species has developed resistance to many conventional insecticides, highlighting the need for novel control agents. BEA was purified from three B. bassiana and three I. fumosorosea strains using a molecularly imprinted cryogel column and tested for its efficacy against fourth-instar larvae of L. decemlineata. To determine the optimal method for its application, BEA derived from the B. bassiana Lul1 isolate was initially evaluated using three methods: injection, spraying and leaf-dipping. RESULTS: The lethal time for 50% mortality for the injection, spraying and leaf-dipping methods were determined to be 7.8, 8.5 and 9.7 days. The spraying method was selected for subsequent dose-mortality studies using four concentrations of BEA from three B. bassiana and three I. fumosorosea isolates, and a commercial BEA. Significant differences in the lethal concentration for 50% mortality (LC₅₀) values were observed across different post-exposure times. On days 5, 8 and 10, LC₅₀ values were 218.39, 0.07 and 0.04 μg/mL, respectively for the extract obtained from the B. bassiana isolate KVL 03129. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, BEA has significant potential as an effective insecticide candidate for controlling L. decemlineata populations, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemical insecticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".