Role of p53 family members during development of striated muscle, with focus on p63
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: During vertebrate development, p53 family members (p53, p63, and p73) play both discrete and redundant roles. While p63 gene mutations lead to various skeletal and organ birth defects, p63's role in muscle development is less considered. Muscles derive from embryonic mesoderm. However, head and heart muscle differentiation also depends on intrinsic cues and signals from adjacent epithelia. In p63 mutant mice, ectoderm- and endoderm-derived epithelia are defective, implying defective myogenesis. We review the evidence that p63 is important for the differentiation of striated muscles, including cardiopharyngeal field-derived head and heart musculature. RESULTS: Several p63 isoforms act during mesoderm induction, myoblast proliferation, cell cycle exit, and cell differentiation. Of particular interest, TAp63γ is expressed in embryonic myoblasts and endoderm. In striated muscles, TAp63γ functions in myogenic proliferation and differentiation and participates in sarcomere development and myofibril assembly. CONCLUSIONS: p63 is active during all muscle development stages, from mesoderm induction to myocyte differentiation. Different p53 family members, including several p63 isoforms, have overlapping functions. This redundancy could explain the limited myopathies described in p63 mouse mutants. As these defects may be subtler and more age/stage-dependent than appreciated, they warrant further study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".