Dose-Dependent in Vivo Toxicity and Structural Evaluation of MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work details the synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and in vivo toxicity assessment of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquid.A high-purity magnesium sheet (99.99%) was subjected to 400 laser pulses using a Nd:YAG laser system (1064 nm wavelength, 900 mJ pulse energy, 8 Hz frequency) in 4 mL deionized water.Subsequently, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using multiple analytical techniques.X-ray diffraction confirmed cubicphase MgO, showing an average crystal size of 10 nm.TEM indicated cubic-shaped particles with an average diameter of 11 nm, while scanning electron microscopy showed agglomerated structures with individual particle sizes of 17.6 nm.Furthermore, UVvisible spectroscopy demonstrated a direct band gap of 5.9 eV with an absorption peak at 200 nm.In vivo toxicity evaluation was conducted using male albino rats exposed to different concentrations (100, 150, and 200 mg L) for 28 days.Results demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity with significant hematological changes, including increased white blood cell counts and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin.Additionally, histopathological examination revealed progressive liver damage ranging from mild vacuolar degeneration at 100 mg L to severe necrosis at 200 mg L, along with kidney damage including glomerular hypercellularity and tubular swelling.These findings indicate that concentrations exceeding 100 mg L cause toxicity changes, necessitating careful dose regulation for potential biomedical and environmental applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".