A multi-stage protocol for indirect somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from leaf explants of Quercus chungii
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is pivotal for mass clonal propagation in forestry, yet oak species remains recalcitrant. This study established an indirect SE protocol for Quercus chungii plantlet regeneration using leaf explants from two-year-old seedlings. Callus was induced on MS medium with 2,4-D (1.0 mg·L −1 ) and 6-BA (1.0 mg·L −1 ) (6–8 weeks) with or without AC (3.0 g·L −1 ), followed by PGR-free 4-week interval, and embryogenic stimulation via NAA (1.0 mg·L −1 ) and 6-BA (1.0 mg·L −1 ) for 4–5 weeks, another PGR-free 3–4 weeks intervals and then reduced NAA (0.25 mg·L −1 ) and 6-BA (0.25 mg·L −1 ) for sustaining callus proliferation, then triggered the proembryogenic masses developmental process by the removal of NAA but keeping 6-BA (0.5 mg·L −1 ) in darkness for 4–5 weeks, leading to early embryo formation. Embryos matured on 0.1 mg·L −1 ABA-supplemented ½ MS medium under a 16/8 h photoperiod. A percentage of 51.1 % callus induction rate and 77 % normal embryos maturation were achieved, yielding viable plantlet with 5.67 % somatic embryos conversion. The conceptual framework for developing SE protocol in Q.chungii and the obtained multi-stage protocol enhance SE efficiency in Q.chungii , aiding mass clonal propagation potential for the development of clonal forestry and the conservation and utilization of Q.chungii and related oaks. • Plantlet regeneration via indirect somatic embryogenesis using leaf explants was achieved in Q.chungii . • Indirect somatic embryogenesis protocol developed for Q. chungii mass clonal propagation. • Multi-stage induction procedure with reduced PGRs triggering embryogenic induction in Q. chungii . • •The conceptual framework for developing SE protocol was evaluated through SE in Q.chungii .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".