Exposing the Influence of Preceding Sexual Behavior in Younger Years toward Prostate Cancer Occurrence: Qualitative Mapping on Sexual Risk Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors, yet the impact of preceding sexual behaviors remains underexplored. Given the prostate's fundamental role in male sexual function, this study aims to qualitatively assess the relationship between ejaculation frequency (EF), first sexual activity (FSA), and lifetime sexual partner (SP) count with PCa occurrence in later life. MATERIALS & METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with studies identified through MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases. Retrospective cohort and case-control studies published since 2000, examining PCa risk in relation to sexual behaviors in early adulthood (20s-40s), were included. Data extraction focused on EF, FSA, and SP count, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies with 6,601 PCa cases and 6,208 controls were analyzed. Higher EF from sexual intercourse (SI; ≥5-12 times per month) was associated with a reduced PCa risk, whereas frequent masturbation (≥2-7 times per week) showed a potential risk increase. The influence of FSA was inconsistent, with some studies linking earlier or later initiation to higher risk. A higher lifetime SP count (7-21 partners) was generally associated with increased PCa risk, likely due to sexually transmitted infections and chronic inflammation. CONCLUSION: Sexual behaviors in younger years may play a role in PCa development, with EF type, FSA, and SP count acting as potential risk modifiers. While high EF from SI may be protective, excessive masturbation and multiple partners could contribute to risk. Further prospective studies are needed to refine recommendations on sexual health and prostate cancer prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".