Displacement of the retina in the late follow-up after retinal detachment repair
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate a potential displacement of the retina in the late follow-up after retinal detachment repair using infrared (IR) homography. METHODS: Prospective observational study with a two-year follow-up of patients with primary fovea-off reghmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Patients who developed macular structural disease during follow-up, including epiretinal membrane, and patients with insufficient image quality were excluded. Patients were imaged with IR scanning laser ophthalmology images at 1 and 24 months after pars plana vitrectomy and sulphur hexafluoride tamponade for RRD. Using custom software, the two IR images from the separate follow-up visits were superimposed to generate IR homography images. Proper alignment was ensured using choroidal and optic nerve landmarks. The main outcome measure was misalignment of the major retinal vessel arcades on IR homography. RESULTS: 36 patients completed the follow-up. 13 patients with a median age of 62 years (IQR = 11) were included. Retinal displacement between the 1st and 24th postoperative month was found in 8 patients (62%). Inter-grader agreement was κ = 0.831 (SE: 0.16), (p = 0.002). The direction of displacement occurred inferiorly in n = 5 cases (63%) and superiorly in n = 3 cases (38%). Use of perfluocarbon liquid was positively associated with late displacement (ϕ = 0.675, (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study found retinal displacement in the late follow-up after retinal detachment repair using a validated method designated IR homography. Use of perfluocarbon liquid may have a long-lasting effect on the plasticity of the retina, warranting future investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".