Broad host specificity of Trichinella chanchalensis and minimal interspecific competition with T. nativa and T6 in naturally co-infected hosts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• High prevalence and intensity of Trichinella infections in Yukon carnivores. • Three new host species detected for Trichinella chanchalensis. • No evidence of host-specific associations among Yukon Trichinella species/genotypes. • NGS detected a higher frequency of Trichinella co-infections than previous studies. • No evidence of interspecific competition between Trichinella nativa and T6. Trichinella are muscle-dwelling parasitic nematodes that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. Trichinella chanchalensis is a newly recognized species that has been reported in wolverine ( Gulo gulo ). To investigate the host range of T. chanchalensis we examined the tongue and/or diaphragm from 125 wolverines, 34 red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), 23 Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ), 13 grey wolves ( Canis lupus ), 10 coyotes ( Canis latrans ), six black bears ( Ursus americanus ), one grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos ), and one polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ), from Yukon, Canada. Larvae were recovered from tissues by artificial digestion, quantified as larvae per gram (LPG), and genotyped using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on pools of larvae. The parasite intensity of three Trichinella species/genotypes ( T. nativa, Trichinella T6, T. chanchalensis ) in each sample was estimated by multiplying LPG and relative abundance. Trichinella larvae were detected in 74 % (158/213) of animals and prevalence ranged from 16.7 % in black bears to 86.4 % in wolverines. Median infection intensity was highest in wolverines (13.5 LPG) and lowest in lynx (1.2 LPG), and 92 % of hosts were co-infected with ≥ 2 Trichinella species/genotypes. The parasite intensity of Trichinella T6 was two times greater than T. nativa , and 17 times greater than T. chanchalensis . Trichinella chanchalensis was detected in three new host species including lynx, wolves, and a coyote. There was no significant interaction between Trichinella species/genotype and host species which suggests minimal host specificity. The parasite intensities of T. nativa and T6 were highly positively correlated, which suggests no competition and that infection with one species does not preclude infection by the other species. Our study demonstrates low host specificity and minimal interspecific competition among Trichinella larvae within muscles of naturally co-infected carnivore hosts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".