Cluster analysis of aging and sexual well-being: Insights from Portuguese and Spanish older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Aging well in a cross-cultural perspective may encompass pertinent challenges in terms of adjustment, sexual well-being and satisfaction with life in the late years. Objectives Considering the paucity of empirical data concerning cultural diversity of experiencing aging, this study aims to help fill this gap by assessing the specific patterns of sexual satisfaction, adjustment to aging (AtA), and life satisfaction with life (SwL) of older adults in Portugal and Spain. Methods This cross-national study included 443 older adults, aged 65 and older, from Portugal and Spain. Five instruments were applied: (a) Adjustment to Aging Scale (ATAS); (b) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS); (c) New Sexual Satisfaction Scale - Short (NSSS-S); (d) Mini-Mental State Exam; and (e) Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle questionnaire. K-means cluster analysis was employed to identify and characterize the clusters considering adjustment to aging, sexual satisfaction and life satisfaction. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to analyze differences for sexual-well-being among clusters. Results Findings indicated three clusters, which explained 79.3% (R-sq = 0.793) of the total variance: Cluster #1: “Well Adapted” (n = 37, 8.8%), Cluster #2: “Struggling to Adapt” (n = 141, 31.8%), and Cluster #3: “Active Agers” (n = 265, 59.8%). Participants in Cluster #1 were mostly Portuguese, with high levels of AtA, sexual satisfaction, and SWL. Conversely, Cluster #2 integrated mostly Portuguese participants with moderate sexual satisfaction, and lower levels of AtA and SwL. Participants from Cluster #3 were mostly Spanish with moderate levels of AtA and reduced sexual satisfaction and SwL. Conclusions This study innovates by exploring the elaborate interplay among sexual satisfaction, AtA, and SwL in a cross-cultural perspective, with implications for tailoring interventions, service planning, development and evaluation of culturally-diverse older populations. Keywords Adjustment to aging; cluster analysis; older adults; satisfaction with life; sexual satisfaction. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".