Cognition in Treatment Resistant versus Non- Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Despite antipsychotic treatment, around one-third of individuals of schizophrenia remain unresponsive. Objectives Comparing cognitive impairments in TRS versus non-TRS patients. Methods 50 adult patients with schizophrenia(DSM-5) were recruited in this cross-sectional cohort study, categorised into TRS (14) (treatment-resistant schizophrenia) and NTRS (36) (non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia) by modified Kane criteria. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) were used. Results Table 1 TRS NTRS Overall Male(%) 42.8 63.8 58 Female(%) 57.1 36.1 42 AGE (years) 41.7 ± 13.1 41.4±12.3 41.5±12.4 DURATION OF ILLNESS(years) 17.2±10.8 6.3±6.8 9.4±9.4 Table 2 TRS NTRS Independent sample students’ T test pvalue MoCA 19.2±6 27.8±5.4 <0.01 TOTAL PANSS 106.3±22.4 57.4±21. <0.01 POSITIVE PANSS 22.1±7.3 13.8±6.4 <0.01 NEGATIVE PANSS 26.8±5.7 14.1±5.1 <0.01 Generalised PANSS 57.3±13.2 29.4±11.4 <0.01 COMPOSITE SCORE -4.71±7.6 -0.2±5.6 0.02 MoCA Scores (Table 2) are significantly lower in the TRS group, implying NTRS has a moderate cognitive decline, and TRS has severe cognitive decline. Total PANSS, Positive, Negative,and Generalised PANSS are significantly lower in the TRS group indicating severe symptoms than NTRS.Classifying based onTotal PANSS Score, the TRS has severely ill, while the NTRS has borderline mentally ill patients. The composite score indicates that the TRS group tends to have more negative symptoms. Computing the data’s variances and independent sample Welch’s t-test (Image 3) for data with unequal variances and independent sample student’s test (Images 1, 2) for data with equal variances were performed. Age does not significantly affect TRS(Table 1). Duration of illness is significantly higher in the TRS group. MoCA domains (i.e., executive function, visuospatial, orientation, and attention) except memory and language have significantly lower scores in the TRS group. Positive symptoms (conceptual disorganisation, excitement,grandiosity, suspicion, and hostility) except delusion and hallucinatory behaviour were significantly higher in the TRS group. Negative symptoms (emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, stereotype thinking) except blunted effect were significantly higher in the TRS group. Generalised symptoms (somatic concern, anxiety, guilt feelings, mannerism and posture, depression, motor retardation, uncooperativeness, unusual thought content, social disorientation, poor attention, lack of judgement, disturbance of volition, poor impulse control, preoccupation, and active social avoidance) except tension were significantly higher in the TRS group. Image: Image 2: Image 3: Conclusions TRS patients show severe cognitive impairment, however it does not impact language and memory. TRS shows more symptom severity except delusion, hallucinatory behaviour, blunted effect, and tension as compared to NTRS. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".