Confirmation of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging grounds in northern New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is the only sea turtle species to reside year-round in New Zealand waters, with juveniles using shallow coastal habitats as foraging grounds before dispersing throughout the Pacific. Rangaunu Harbour in northern New Zealand was surveyed in the austral summer to assess the feasibility of aerial drones for monitoring green turtles. Across 163 km of drone transects, 27 turtle sightings representing potentially 18 unique individuals were recorded, predominantly in shallow seagrass (Zostera muelleri novozelandica) habitats during high tides. Five green turtles were observed actively foraging on floating seagrass and among the subtidal seagrass beds. These sightings provide visual confirmation that the harbour is a temperate neritic foraging ground for green turtles in New Zealand. The survey also documented diverse marine fauna, including eagle rays (Myliobatis tenuicaudatus), stingrays (Bathytoshia spp.), and several teleost species, confirming the feasibility of drones as a monitoring tool for turtles and other marine megafauna. Anthropogenic pressure to estuaries and coastal New Zealand ecosystems, including Rangaunu Harbour, highlight the need to identify and protect critical green turtle habitat in New Zealand waters as soon as possible. Further drone surveys in nearby harbours are feasible and recommended to locate additional foraging areas for green turtles across northern New Zealand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".