Discovery of Laophontidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from marine plastic debris: Pseudonychocamptus setadefectus sp. nov. and Heterolaophonte discophora (Willey, 1929)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two species belonging to the family Laophontidae Scott T., 1905 were identified among harpacticoid copepods collected from marine plastic debris (MPD) stranded along the Korean coastline. These species were assigned to the genera Pseudonychocamptus Lang, 1944 and Heterolaophonte Lang, 1948. Pseudonychocamptus setadefectus sp. nov. conforms to the generic diagnosis, displaying sexual dimorphism in the armature of the swimming legs. It is distinguished from its six congeners by possessing only two endites on the maxillary syncoxa, notably lacking the proximal endite bearing the seta that is present in all other known species within the genus. Although most morphologically similar to P. colomboi Ceccherelli, 1988, the new species differs in several key characteristics, including the number of setae on the maxillary endopod, the relative length ratios of setae on the female P5 exopod, the presence of an inner seta on the male P5 exopod, and the asymmetry of the male P6. The second species, Heterolaophonte discophora (Willey, 1929), was previously reported from the Atlantic coast of Canada and the Pacific coasts of the USA and Japan. The Korean specimens closely correspond to these previous records, yet exhibit intraspecific variation, particularly in the setal count on the female P3 enp-2. Additional morphological differences were also observed, including variations in the segmentation of the male P3 endopod and in the number of setae on the maxillary endopod. Based on the sexually dimorphic traits observed in males, we propose the subdivision of the genus Heterolaophonte into four distinct species groups. The discovery of P. setadefectus sp. nov. and H. discophora on anthropogenic MPD underscores the potential role of such substrates as microhabitats for benthic harpacticoid copepods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".