Vestibular‐related dizziness duration and cognitive deficits in older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between symptom duration of vestibular‐related dizziness/vertigo and cognitive function in elderly patients, and to establish clinical guidance for assessing and intervening in vestibular‐related cognitive impairments. METHODS This study included 100 elderly patients with vestibular dysfunction presenting dizziness, vertigo, or balance disorders, categorized into short‐duration ( n = 64) and long‐duration ( n = 36) groups based on symptom duration. A control group of 21 healthy elderly individuals was included. Cognitive assessments comprised P300 event‐related potentials (latency/amplitude) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with domain‐specific analysis. RESULTS Significant between‐group differences in P300 latency were observed (control vs short‐duration vs long‐duration: p < 0.001), whereas amplitude showed no difference ( p = 0.817). MoCA total scores differed significantly across groups ( p = 0.001), although abnormality rates were comparable ( p = 0.093). Domain analysis revealed significant differences in visuospatial ( p < 0.001) and abstract abilities ( p = 0.005). Symptom duration correlated with: MoCA total ( R 2 = 0.113), visuospatial ability ( R 2 = 0.181), attention ( R 2 = 0.068), and orientation ( R 2 = 0.157). P300 latency correlated with: MoCA total ( R 2 = 0.141), visuospatial ability ( R 2 = 0.090), delayed recall ( R 2 = 0.112), and orientation ( R 2 = 0.082). CONCLUSION Prolonged vestibular‐related dizziness/vertigo in elderly patients is associated with cognitive deficits, particularly in visuospatial and executive functions. P300 latency demonstrates greater sensitivity than both P300 amplitude and MoCA screening, suggesting that combined electrophysiological and neuropsychological assessment enhances early detection of vestibular‐related cognitive impairment. Highlights Long‐duration vestibular‐related dizziness or balance disorders are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment in elderly patients. Among early assessment tools, P300 latency proves more sensitive than both P300 amplitude and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire. A combined evaluation using P300 latency and MoCA provides a more effective measure of how dizziness affects cognitive function in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".