The Influence of Birth Weight on Cognitive Reserve and its impact on one-year Functioning in First-Episode Psychosis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Cognition is key to long-term outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Obstetric complications affect working and verbal memory in schizophrenia (Amoretti et al. Psychol Med, 2022;52:2874-2884). Among them, birth weight (BW), an indicator of prenatal development, has been studied in relation to cognition (Krishna et al. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2019;34:1139-1169). Higher cognitive reserve (CR) is associated with better cognitive and functional outcomes (Amoretti et al. Psychol Med, 2022;52:526-537). It is hypothesized that low BW impacts fetal brain development, reducing CR and later functioning (Krishna et al. Int Psychogeriatr, 2021;1-14) Objectives To examine the relationship between BW and functioning one year after the onset of psychosis, mediated by CR and cognitive performance Methods 117 FEP patients and 224 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. BW was collected as a continuous variable in grams. The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) assessed functioning. CR was quantified via premorbid IQ, educational attainment, and lifetime participation in leisure and social activities. A complete neurocognitive assessment was performed. Correlational analyses explored relationships between BW, CR, and cognition in FEP and HC. Serial mediation analysis (PROCESS Model 6) examined indirect effects of BW on functioning through CR and cognition Results No significant differences were found in BW between patients and HC (p=0.719). HC had higher CR than patients (p<0.001) (Figure 1). In patients, BW correlated with CR (r=0.20, p=0.027), though no correlation was found in HC (r=0.10, p=0.216) (Figure 2). The mediation model confirmed that BW was associated with CR (β=0.01, p=0.015), CR was linked to verbal memory (β=2.21, p=0.001) and verbal memory with functioning (β=0.07, p=0.004). The direct and total indirect effects of BW on functioning were non-significant. Among the indirect paths, only the one involving CR and verbal memory was significant (95%CI [0.0001, 0.0016]) (Figure 3). Image 1: Image 2: Image 3: Conclusions While BW did not have a direct impact on psychosocial functioning, it does influence CR, which in turn affects verbal memory. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".