Direct energy deposition via arc manufacturing using ultra-low heat input gas metal arc welding
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of advanced pulsed waveform control during gas metal arc welding is evaluated for additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing. This investigation used a water-cooled base and a modified wave shape, operating in the short-circuit transfer mode. Carbon steel walls are compared in terms of bead geometry, microstructure and hardness and tensile properties. The results indicate that the use of an ultra-low heat input provides more uniform properties across the wall section and reduces anisotropy in mechanical properties compared to prior work using other gas metal arc welding techniques. Overall, the deposited samples have properties comparable to weld metals produced with ER70S-6 carbon steel wire, with over 600 MPa strength for all conditions tested.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it