Equity In Practice: Para Sport Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives On The Concussion Continuum Of Care
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Para sport includes diverse athletes with various impairment classifications. The current sport concussion guidelines lack appropriate considerations for para athletes, which creates barriers for healthcare providers and warrants further investigation. PURPOSE:Determine healthcare providers’ perceptions of care for para sport athletes with concussions. METHODS:As part of a larger study, 11 para sport healthcare providers (female = 10, male = 1; experience = 9 ± 6 years) from 13 different sports (e.g., para ice hockey, alpine, swimming) completed semistructured, video recorded, virtual interviews where they shared their experiences managing para sport athlete concussions using a validated interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive approach. We secured trustworthiness of the qualitative data via multianalyst triangulation and peer review. RESULTS:Four main themes were identified:1) intentional flexibility, 2) classification-based protocols, 3) building personal relationships, and 4) multidisciplinary care. Para sport healthcare providers noted the importance of intentional flexibility when providing care to account for individual para sport athlete needs. Clinicians recognized classification-based protocols for para sport athletes to facilitate patient-centered concussion healthcare. Building personal relationships with athletes was key to determining whether reported signs and symptoms were due to concussion or related to pre-existing impairments (e.g., visual impairments). Multidisciplinary care was noted to be critical for successful management as the level of care varies widely across para sports due to limited clinical education, access to resources, and funding available for providers who are often volunteers. CONCLUSIONS:Para sport healthcare providers emphasized the importance of regular interpersonal interactions and using a flexible, individualized approach with a multidisciplinary team to provide optimal care for para sport athletes experiencing concussions. Educational opportunities should be provided for practitioners to become literate in para sport medicine to maximize care provision. Future efforts should be focused on investing resources to facilitate optimal and equitable care for para sport athletes. Supported by: Schewel Student-Faculty Research Fund - data collection, travel, lodging; University of Lynchburg Undergraduate Research Fund - conference registration, transportation, meals
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.036 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".