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Visual outcomes associated with optical coherence tomography biomarkers in diabetic macular edema: A systematic review

2025· review· en· W4414298625 on OpenAlex
Keean Nanji, Amin Hatamnejad, Justin Grad, Abdullah El‐Sayes, Andrew Mihalache, Mohamed Gemae, Ryan S. Huang, Mark H. Phillips, Dena Zeraatkar, Marion R. Munk, SriniVas R. Sadda, David Sarraf, Peter K. Kaiser, Robyn H. Guymer, Sobha Sivaprasad, Samantha Fraser‐Bell, Yih Chung Tham, Sunir J. Garg, Tien Yin Wong, Charles C. Wykoff, Varun Chaudhary

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSurvey of Ophthalmology · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicRetinal Diseases and Treatments
Canadian institutionsQueen's UniversityUniversity of TorontoMcMaster University
FundersCarl Zeiss Meditec AG
KeywordsOptical coherence tomographyBiomarkerVisual acuityDiabetic macular edemaConfoundingExternal limiting membraneProspective cohort studyImaging biomarker

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: Systematic review
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.081
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0080.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.049
GPT teacher head0.388
Teacher spread0.339 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it