Moderating effect of APOE ε4 on the association of sleep disturbance and amyloid-β pathology among cognitively normal older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Sleep-wake rhythms are critical for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship of sleep disturbance, APOE ε4, and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the potential role of APOE ε4 allele in the association between sleep disturbance and brain Aβ burden among cognitively normal (CN) older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNl) Database. The sample consisted of CN individuals aged between 55 and 90 years with Aβ positron emission tomography scan, APOE genotype, and sleep assessment using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Results: The study included 1,000 CN participants, including 134 individuals with sleep disturbances and 306 APOE ε4 carriers (APOE ε4+). After adjusting for sex, age, years of education, and marital status, sleep disturbance was not associated with a higher Aβ burden among participants. However, a significant interaction between sleep disturbance and APOE ε4 on regional standardized uptake value ratios was observed, such as in the left hippocampus. Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep disturbance could affect the AD-sensitive brain regions in the APOE ε4 + group. Furthermore, the subjective severity of sleep disturbance was linearly associated with a more significant Aβ brain burden in the APOE ε4 + group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CN individuals with both APOE ε4 + status and sleep disturbance exhibited greater Aβ burden. Understanding the relationship between sleep and Aβ in CN older adults may inform sleep interventions that could reduce early Aβ accumulation and delay the onset of cognitive dysfunction associated with early AD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".