An evidenced based review of the efficacy of fixation type and post operative weight-bearing status on metatarsophalangeal joint fusion for treatment of hallux rigidus
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: First metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) arthrodesis is a common operative management for end-stage hallux rigidus. The purpose of this study is to present an evidence-based literature review and evaluation of the literature regarding the efficacy of different fixation methods and postoperative weight-bearing status for first MTP Arthrodesis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted across three databases: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, in September 2024. Exclusion criteria included biomechanical, cadaveric, and non-human studies, review articles, letters, and technical tips. The included articles were analysed and categorised according to their level of evidence (level I-V). A grade of recommendation (A, B, C, or I) in favour of or against each modern fixation method and weight-bearing status for first MTP arthrodesis for hallux rigid was determined by collective review of the categorised articles. RESULTS: 86 of the 1390 identified articles were included. There is fair evidence (grade B) for fixation with screws, plates, and plate with a compression screw, as well as both immediate postoperative weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing, according to the current literature. Insufficient evidence (grade I) for staple and novel fixation methods exists. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this comprehensive review provide the most up-to-date recommendations for fixation and postoperative protocol for surgical management of first MTP arthritis. The best available published peer-reviewed literature demonstrates that both immediate weight-bearing or non-weight bearing are viable postoperative protocols for first MTP arthrodesis, giving similar clinical outcomes. Additionally, the literature supports the use of screws, plates and plates with a compression screw as fixation methods. It is evident that additional high-quality level I and II studies are required to compare and validate these fixation methods and weight-bearing statuses to allow for stronger recommendations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Systematic review.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it