Regulatory T cell infiltration precedes early events associated with persistent infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in the cecal tonsils of chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a contagious respiratory disease in chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). While initially affecting the respiratory tract, IBV has evolved to infect other body systems. Notably, the Delmarva (DMV)/1639 genotype of IBV has been shown to persist in the cecal tonsils (CT), potentially facilitating viral transmission to naïve birds. This study aimed to uncover the early immunological mechanisms leading up to IBV persistence in the CT, compared to the spleen and to evaluate the persistence patterns among different genotypes of IBV. An animal experiment was conducted using three IBV genotypes, with samples collected at 3, 8, 10, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Across all IBV infected groups, viral genome loads were significantly higher in the CT than that in the spleen. Recruitment of B cells and cluster of differentiation (CD)8 + T cells, crucial for viral clearance, was significantly lower in the CT. Regulatory T (Treg) cells—which suppress immune responses via interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β—were expected to peak early, their abundance in the CT was significantly higher only at the later time points. Among all genotypes, DMV/1639 exhibited increased potential for persistence in the CT associated with higher levels of Treg cells and viral genome load at 14 dpi. These findings suggest that delayed Treg cell infiltration, reduced effector cell recruitment, and a suppressive cytokine environment may precede to IBV persistence in the CT. Further studies are needed to explore the potential role of anti-inflammatory cytokines and other immunological factors in IBV persistence in the CT. • IBV persists in the cecal tonsils (CT) of chicken despite systemic clearance. • Regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines are enriched in the CT during the late stage of infection. • Recruitment of CD8 + T cells and B cells is reduced in the CT compared to spleen, post IBV infection. • Findings support tissue-specific immune modulation by IBV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".