Introducing <scp>FAMM</scp> : An Open‐Access Database of Fossil Arctic Marine Mammals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Motivation The Arctic is currently experiencing the strongest effects of climate change on Earth. These effects, including sea ice loss, are already modifying the ecologies of the 11 species of marine mammals found in the Arctic year‐round. Data from contemporary individuals are often applied to understand how these species may respond to future climate change. The inclusion of fossil data can provide greater insight into species histories. Conservation approaches are increasingly enhanced by including ancient biomolecular data such as radiocarbon age, stable isotopes, and ancient DNA. However, analytical quality is challenged by data degradation over time, lack of cross‐linkage between different ancient biomolecular data, and widely varying metadata standards across fields. Here, we compile and present an open‐access database of Fossil Arctic Marine Mammals (FAMM) containing nearly 3400 specimens with harmonised primary and molecular biodiversity data, providing a crucial resource to Arctic biodiversity and environmental research. Types of Variables Collected FAMM contains records and metadata of Arctic marine mammal macrofossils, including: taxonomy; geographic provenance; radiocarbon age; stable isotopes; and ancient DNA. FAMM aligns with Darwin Core standards for reproducibility. Spatial Location and Grain Arctic and sub‐Arctic. Time Period and Grain Last Interglacial (130,000 years BP) to ~1500 CE. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement All 11 extant endemic Arctic marine mammal species: bowhead whale ( Balaena mysticetus ); narwhal ( Monodon monoceros ); beluga whale ( Delphinapterus leucas ); polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ); walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus ); ringed seal ( Pusa hispida ); bearded seal ( Erignathus barbatus ); hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata ); harp seal ( Pagophilus groenlandicus ); spotted seal ( Phoca largha ); and ribbon seal ( Histriophoca fasciata ). We also include the historically extinct Steller's sea cow ( Hydrodamalis gigas ). Software Format Data are provided as three csv files on Dryad: (1) A key describing columns in the FAMM database; and (2) the FAMM database; (3) a key explaining museum acronyms used in FAMM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".