Health outcomes following childhood or adolescent exposure to household food insecurity: a rapid systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Household food insecurity (HFI) is a social determinant of health globally. Rates of HFI have risen in many high-income countries in recent years, particularly in households with children. The health outcomes associated with HFI for children and adolescents have not been systematically synthesised. This review was conducted to support advocacy efforts for meaningful policy action to reduce HFI in households with children. DESIGN: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and PsycInfo databases. Primary studies measuring the association between physical or mental health outcomes and HFI were included. Studies were appraised and population, setting, measures and outcomes were extracted. Findings were grouped by related outcomes. Due to heterogeneity, findings were synthesised narratively. Rapid review methodology was used to accommodate resource constraints. SETTING: High-income countries. PARTICIPANTS: Youth aged less than 18 years. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were included. Most were cross-sectional studies conducted in the USA. Outcomes included general health, early childhood, cardiometabolic, asthma, dental caries, mental health, sleep, diet and anaemia. Despite substantial heterogeneity in HFI measures and analysis, findings support associations between HFI and negative outcomes for general health status, asthma, dental caries and mental health. Findings for other outcomes were mixed. CONCLUSIONS: This review clarifies the effects of HFI on children and adolescents. Findings highlight trends for negative physical and mental health outcomes associated with HFI during youth, particularly related to mental health, oral health, asthma and general health status. Policy-level action should address rising rates of HFI and long-term effects on these vulnerable populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".