Intersections of vitamin D deficiency, <scp>HIV</scp> and chronic liver diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), chronic liver diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV, with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) now the predominant etiology. Vitamin D deficiency is also highly prevalent in this population. We synthesize current evidence on the interplay between HIV, liver disease, and vitamin D deficiency, and highlight implications for risk stratification and therapeutic research in this population. METHODS: A targeted PubMed search was conducted using terms for HIV, liver disease, fibrosis, and vitamin D, supplemented by reference screening. We prioritized peer-reviewed studies and guidelines addressing liver disease epidemiology and mechanisms in people with HIV, vitamin D biology, and associations between vitamin D status and hepatic injury. Comparative data from non-HIV populations were also reviewed. RESULTS: People with HIV face a high burden for chronic liver diseases due to MASLD, viral hepatitis coinfections, and hepatotoxic exposures such as alcohol and ART. Pathogenesis involve persistent immune activation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and systemic inflammation. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in people with HIV and, in non-HIV populations, correlates with higher prevalence of MASLD and fibrosis. Emerging evidence suggests plausible links through immune modulation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis, though causality remains unproven. CONCLUSIONS: The intersection of HIV, MASLD, and vitamin D deficiency is biologically plausible and clinically relevant yet underexplored. Longitudinal studies with standardized MASLD phenotyping and vitamin D assessment are warranted. Meanwhile, integrating metabolic risk assessment with vitamin D evaluation may support more holistic liver care in people with HIV, while interventional trials should clarify whether vitamin D optimization improves hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".