Center of Foot Pressure and Free Moment Changes During Gait in Adolescents With Right and Left Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aims Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a multifactorial spinal deformity with high prevalence, affecting spinal alignment, postural control, and gait mechanics. This study aims to examine the effect of scoliosis curvature direction on center of pressure (COP) kinematics and free moment (FM) parameters during gait. Methods In this study, participants included 14 adolescents with AIS categorized into right scoliosis (n=7) and left scoliosis (n=7), and 16 healthy peers as controls. Data related to the COP and FM parameters were collected using two Kistler force plates during the stance phase of gait. Statistical analysis was done using MANOVA for discrete variables and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for time-series data. Results The AIS group had significantly higher body height (P=0.021) and trunk length (P=0.052) than the control group. No significant differences were found in the COP and FM parameters for the right leg between the groups. However, the left scoliosis subgroup showed a significantly larger range of anteroposterior COP displacement in the left leg (convex side) compared to the control group (P=0.027), as well as a larger FM mean and impulse compared to the right scoliosis subgroup (P=0.019). Conclusion Adolescents with right and left scoliosis demonstrate different gait adaptations, particularly in COP and FM dynamics, highlighting the need for curvature direction-specific rehabilitation protocols to enhance gait stability and neuromuscular control in AIS. Future studies should analyze scoliosis directions separately to characterize their biomechanical profiles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".