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Record W4414376047 · doi:10.1029/2024rg000866

Recent Advances in Tracer‐Aided Mixing Modeling of Water in the Critical Zone

2025· article· en· W4414376047 on OpenAlex
Andrea Popp, Harsh Beria, Matthias Sprenger, Pertti Ala‐aho, Miriam Coenders‐Gerrits, Jannis Groh, Julian Klaus, Julia L. A. Knapp, Gerbrand Koren, Iris Bakiri, Esther Xu Fei, Marina Gillon, C. J. Harman, Christophe Hissler, Tegan Holmes, Ghulam Jeelani, Andis Kalvāns, Alessandro Montemagno, Emel Zeray Öztürk, Petra Žvab Rožič, Tricia Stadnyk, Christine Stumpp, Nicolás Valiente, Jana von Freyberg, Polona Vreča, Giulia Zuecco, Ilja van Meerveld, Daniele Penna, James W. Kirchner

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueReviews of Geophysics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicHydrology and Watershed Management Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
FundersEidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZürichAcademy of FinlandDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
KeywordsMixing (physics)TRACERHydrological modellingWater resourcesWater flowHydrology (agriculture)Moisture

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Safeguarding water resources for society and ecosystems requires a comprehensive understanding of hydrological fluxes within the Critical Zone, Earth's living skin where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere meet. For decades, tracer‐aided mixing models have been used to track water flow paths through the Critical Zone, mapping the journey of water particles from atmospheric moisture to groundwater. Recent advances in novel tracer measurements and modeling methodologies offer new insights into hydrological partitioning within the Critical Zone, enabling improved quantification of water fluxes across scales ranging from microscopic to macroscopic. Advanced tracer‐aided modeling approaches enable more rigorous testing of assumptions and improved quantification of uncertainties. In this review, we (a) summarize state‐of‐the‐art tracer and modeling techniques, with an emphasis on stable water isotope tracers, (b) synthesize insights emerging from new approaches, and (c) highlight opportunities to apply these methods in interdisciplinary Critical Zone research.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.833
Threshold uncertainty score0.170

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.291
Teacher spread0.270 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it