ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS AND ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with versus without topical antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from each database's inception through August 2024. The primary outcome measure was the endophthalmitis rates after intravitreal injection, whereas the secondary outcomes included the distribution and quantity of microorganisms and best-corrected visual acuity changes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For the meta-analysis, pooled summary estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Eighteen studies (3,138,778 intravitreal injections; 1,426 endophthalmitis cases) showed no significant difference in endophthalmitis incidence between prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups (odds ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72‒4.76; P = 0.2). For microbial analysis, we selected 11 studies that demonstrated no significant difference in culture-positive rates between prophylaxis and nonprophylaxis groups (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, [0.53‒2.84]; P = 0.63). Four studies provided best-corrected visual acuity changes from baseline to final follow-up, antibiotic prophylaxis group showed a decrease by 4.5 ETDRS letters compared with the no-prophylaxis group, although this difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.65). CONCLUSION: Topical antibiotics did not reduce endophthalmitis risk or improve visual outcomes postintravitreal injection. Given potential risks, routine prophylaxis is not recommended.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it