Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in acute multiple rib fracture—a prospective analysis, randomized controlled trial and pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive modality that promotes bone healing by stimulating callus formation and enhancing regeneration. Although its efficacy in long bone fractures is well established, its role in managing acute multiple rib fractures (MRFs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether LIPUS can improve fracture healing and pain control in patients with acute MRF following thoracic trauma. Methods: This prospective, randomized study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LIPUS in promoting bone healing through callus formation and modifying pain patterns in patients with acute MRF. The primary objective was to determine whether LIPUS could improve fracture healing outcomes and provide superior pain control compared to conventional treatment. Between April 1, 2024 and October 31, 2024, twenty adult patients with rib fractures were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: (I) the LIPUS group (n=10), who received standard rib fracture care supplemented with LIPUS therapy; and (II) the conventional group (n=10), who received standard care alone. Clinical and demographic characteristics, outcomes, and surgical complications were assessed. The primary endpoints included the effect of LIPUS on clinical manifestations and pain control in acute MRF. Results: . 18.00±9.36 days, P=0.16). While outcomes such as hemothorax, pneumothorax, atelectasis, and inflammation were similar, Chest Trauma Score (CTS) and Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) were significantly higher in the LIPUS group (P=0.001). Despite initially higher pain scores, significant improvement was observed after two LIPUS sessions (P=0.001). No intensive care unit (ICU) transfers or deaths occurred. Conclusions: LIPUS appears to be a viable and effective treatment option for acute MRF. It may alleviate pain, reduce complications, and improve clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with traumatic hemothorax or pneumothorax. Trial Registration: This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS: a non-profit online registry for clinical trials and research conducted in South Korea) under the reference number KCT0010838.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".