Cardiorespiratory response to high-intensity interval exercise across the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use in recreationally active females
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluctuations in female sex hormones may influence the cardiorespiratory response to exercise. Cardiorespiratory response to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) across the menstrual cycle (MC) or with oral contraceptive (OC) use has limited data. Therefore, the influence of MC phase and OC use on cardiorespiratory response during HIIE was assessed. Twenty-five females (24.4 (3.6) years) were categorized by a natural MC (non-oral contraceptive users (NOC), n = 14) or OC use ( n = 11). HIIE was four sets of four repetitions with 3 min rest between intervals on a cycle ergometer at a power output halfway between the ventilatory threshold and V̇O 2peak. An HIIE bout was performed during the early follicular and mid-luteal phases (days 2–7 and ∼21 of the MC) and during inactive (days 2–7) and active pill (third week) phases. Cardiorespiratory responses to HIIE were assessed via indirect calorimetry. No group or cycle phase differences were noted for relative and absolute VO 2 , ventilatory exchange, heart rate, or rating of perceived exertion ( p > 0.05). In NOC during the follicular phase, FEO 2 and V̇E/V̇O 2 during pre-exercise seated rest was lower compared to the luteal phase ( p < 0.05). In NOC during the follicular phase, V̇E/CO 2 , FEO 2 , FECO 2, V̇E/V̇O 2 , and V̇E/CO 2 during warmup was lower compared to the luteal phase ( p < 0.05). Most cardiorespiratory variables assessed do not appear to be impacted by MC phase or OC use during HIIE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".