“There are Rules only for Life but not for Freedom”: Using Photovoice to Investigate Sense of Belonging of Young Refugees in Germany
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores how young refugees experience and create a sense of belonging in Germany, using Photovoice, a community-based participatory action research method. Twenty-eight young refugees attending an urban secondary school in Germany were invited to take photographs representing their sense of belonging. These photos were discussed collaboratively in group sessions and analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. Four key themes were identified: (1) Building Relationships with Germans and Feeling Part of Social Groups, (2) Navigating the Future by Balancing Aspirations with Fears of Exclusion, (3) Embracing Symbols, Values, and Respect for Diversity, and (4) Finding Solace in Nature and Cultural Spaces. Belonging among young refugees is shaped by complex social, cultural, and spatial dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of fosterig inclusive environments, acknowledging symbolic representations of shared values, and creating inclusive and accessible spaces for connection and emotional restoration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".