Steering Through Concussion Health Care: Driving Recommendations and Management in Irish and Canadian Athletic Therapists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context Driving requires continuous sensorimotor and cognitive coordination for extended time periods, and these are commonly impaired domains postconcussion. The postconcussion driving management practices and opinions of health care providers such as athletic trainers/therapists (ATs) are essential for effective patient recommendations but have yet to be examined outside of the United States. Objective To examine postconcussion driving management practices and opinion among Irish and Canadian ATs and to explore whether concussion assessments, highest earned degree, practice setting, or years of experience associate with postconcussion driving management practices. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants Fifty-three Irish and 166 Canadian ATs. Main Outcome Measure(s) A previously validated survey capturing demographics, self-reported management practices, and opinions for refraining from (ie, stopping) and restricting (ie, limiting) driving. Results The majority (50.9%) of Irish and Canadian ATs (69.9%) endorsed that they always or sometimes recommended refraining from driving, respectively. Both cohorts commonly used verbal instructions (Irish ATs: 86.8%, Canadian ATs: 90.4%). Irish ATs (58.5%) favored sideline assessments, and Canadian ATs (56.6%) favored clinical examinations to determine driving readiness. Despite agreeing or strongly agreeing that patients with a concussion pose a danger on the road (Irish ATs: 72%, Canadian ATs: 46.6%), approximately 10% of Irish and Canadian ATs reported never recommending driving restrictions. Weak correlations were observed between years of experience and the number of restrictions recommended for Irish and Canadian ATs ( Ρ range, –.15 to .05). Conclusions We observed that Irish and Canadian ATs overall have similar practices and opinions on postconcussion driving management. The lack of uniform recommendations and written instructions regarding safe return-to-driving management practices after concussion resulted in reliance on verbal advice. Our findings emphasize the need for clear and consistent guidelines related to driving after concussion.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".