Sublethal Effects of Cameroon Field‐Used Pesticides on Growth and Organ Health in <i>Archachatina marginata</i>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cameroon rainforest region is not only an agricultural area with massive pesticide uses but also possesses factors that favor land snails’ growth like Archachatina marginata . The present study aimed to assess the impact of sub‐chronic exposure of commonly used pesticides in Cameroon, glyphosate, metalaxyl, and cypermethrin on the growth, survival, histological structure of key organs, and tissue residue levels in Archachatina marginata . Therefore, sub‐adult (under 30 g) Archachatina marginata snails were exposed for 10 weeks, once a week to field‐relevant concentrations of glyphosate (0.5 g/L), metalaxyl (3.3 g/L), and cypermethrin (2 g/L), while the control group was exposed with tap water. The experiment was repeated four times. Survival and body weight were recorded weekly. Post exposure, tissue residues were analyzed by GC‐MS, and histological examinations of the kidney and ovo‐testis (snails’ gonad) were performed. The result showed no significant differences in the survival or external morphology of exposed snails. However, deeper statistical analyses revealed that snails exposed to metalaxyl had significantly lower final weights compared to all other groups with a mean loss of −8.7 g (−26.6%). A histological examination revealed visible alteration in the kidney and ovo‐testis tissues of treated snails, though these changes could not be confirmed statistically. Moreover, pesticide residues were detected in the tissues of treated animals, with trace amounts of glyphosate and cypermethrin also found in control snails, likely due to prior contamination or cross‐cage drift. In conclusion, sub‐chronic exposure to field‐used pesticides did not induce mortality in Archachatina marginata but did affect growth and tissue integrity, especially under metalaxyl exposure. These findings raise concerns about sub‐lethal toxicity and food safety risks and support the use of Archachatina marginata as a bioindicator in pesticide‐exposed environments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it