BTEX degradation by the coculture of S. fonticola and M. esteraromaticum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increasing demand for petroleum hydrocarbons has led to rising levels of high-risk pollutants such as Benzene-Toluene-Ethylbenzene-Xylene (BTEX) in the environment, and widely recognized for their carcinogenic nature. This study evaluates the potential tolerance and the single and multi-compound degradation of BTEX compounds by a coculture of Serratia fonticola and Microbacterium esteraromaticum . Batch treatments were conducted in synthetic media, supplemented with 30 mg L −1 of benzene, xylene, toluene and ethylbenzene for a single compound degradation test and with 120 mg L −1 of BTEX compounds in a 1:1:1:1 ratio (equal weight-based contributions) for a multiple compound degradation test. Coculture showed a BTEX multicompound degradation of 47 %, which is 5 % and 2 % higher degradation than the one achieved by S. fonticola and M. esteraromaticum , respectively. Degradation for single-compound shows 99 % for benzene, 85 % for ethylbenzene, 72 % for toluene, and 62 % for xylene. These findings provide new insights into bacterial coculture interactions under mixed-contaminant stress , its biodegradation performance and provide a strong basis for developing tailored bioremediation strategies in both single-compound and multi-compound degradation of BTEX. Furthermore, the glucose consumption and BTEX tolerance could serve as potential indicators for monitoring of the progress and efficacy of BTEX remediation in contaminated environments. • Coculture demonstrated high tolerance and growth in toluene and benzene presence. • Coculture outperformed individual strains in benzene and toluene degradation. • Enhanced BTEX multi-compound degradation (47.2 %) was achieved by coculture. • Multi-compound BTEX degradation was boosted by co-metabolism in coculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".