Assessing Limb Apraxia in Quebec: Normative Study of the Brief Battery for the Evaluation of Praxis in Healthy French-Speaking Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study presents normative data for the Batterie Brève d'Évaluation des Praxies (BBEP), a brief screening tool developed to assess symbolic gestures, pantomimes, and imitation of meaningless gestures-three domains commonly impaired in limb apraxia. While the BBEP was originally validated in a French population, no normative data have been available for French-speaking adults in Quebec. Given that cultural, linguistic, and demographic factors may influence gesture production and interpretation, the current study aimed to generate region-specific reference values to support accurate clinical assessment. METHOD: A total of 240 neurologically and cognitively healthy French-speaking adults from Quebec were assessed using the BBEP. Norms were stratified by age and are presented in percentile format to facilitate clinical interpretation. RESULTS: Results indicated significant effects of both age and education, with older as well as educated participants obtaining lower scores across all subtests. Compared to the original French sample, Quebec participants demonstrated slightly lower performance, particularly in the imitation of meaningless gestures, likely reflecting cultural and demographic differences. Spearman rank-order correlations-computed while controlling for age, sex, and education-revealed weak and non-significant associations among the three subtests, suggesting they assess distinct components of praxis. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first culturally-adapted normative data for the BBEP in a French-Quebec population. These findings underscore the need for region-specific norms in apraxia assessment and highlight the clinical relevance of evaluating each praxis domain independently. The BBEP may prove useful in the early detection of subtle praxis deficits associated with neurodegenerative conditions or cerebrovascular events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".