Tdap, MenACWY, HPV, seasonal influenza, and COVID-19 vaccination status among US teens aged 13–17 years in 2022
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) routinely recommends adolescents receive tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY); and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines at age 11-12 years and routinely recommends influenza and COVID-19 vaccines annually for all adolescents, based on recommendations in 2023. We aimed to assess the overall proportion of US teens who are up-to-date (UTD) on receiving Tdap, MenACWY, and HPV vaccines by age 13 and the proportion who received seasonal influenza vaccine, the initial COVID-19 vaccination series and the initial COVID-19 booster. We also aimed to determine the relationship between multiple socio-demographic factors with the following: UTD status, and receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine, and receipt of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: We analyzed the 2022 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen). We estimated the proportion of teens 13-17 years old vaccinated for Tdap, MenACWY, and HPV by age 13, categorizing participants as "fully UTD", "partially UTD" and "not vaccinated" for these three vaccines and we assessed coverage of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the following outcomes: UTD status for these three vaccines, seasonal influenza vaccination, and COVID-19 vaccination. We reported adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 15,971 adolescents eligible for this analysis; 60.6% (95%CI: 59.8-61.3%) were fully UTD for Tdap, MenACWY and HPV by age 13, 29.6% (95%CI: 28.9-30.3%) partially UTD, and 9.8% (95%CI: 9.4-10.3%) were not vaccinated. When compared to fully UTD adolescents, those partially UTD and not vaccinated had significantly lower odds of receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine, initial COVID-19 vaccination series, and initial COVID-19 booster. CONCLUSION: Nearly 2 out of 5 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years in 2022 were not fully UTD for Tdap, MenACWY, and HPV vaccines by age 13. Being UTD by age 13 for these vaccines was significantly associated with subsequently receiving seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".