Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Psychological Ill-Being in Adolescents With ADHD: The Mediating Effects of Physical Self-concept
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The current study aimed to (1) assess the mediating effect of physical self-concept between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological ill-being in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and (2) explore potential moderating effects of participants’ age, maternal education level, and socioeconomic status. Sixty-one adolescents aged 12–17 with ADHD met the inclusion criteria (Mage = 14.46 ± 1.51 years). MVPA levels were assessed with accelerometers worn around their waist for seven consecutive days. Physical self-concept and psychological ill-being (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) were examined using questionnaires. Pearson correlations among those variables were examined. Mediation analyses were performed with adjustments for confounders. Moderator analyses were also conducted. Physical self-concept partially mediated the association between MVPA and depression, explaining 23% of the variance. Meanwhile, physical self-concept partially mediated the association of MVPA with stress and the indirect effect accounted for 20% of the variance, mainly driven by the appearance dimension. Age significantly moderated the path from physical self-concept to depression, while socioeconomic status moderated the direct effect of MVPA on depression. Additionally, maternal education level significantly moderated the association between physical self-concept and stress. Methods to prevent depression and stress in adolescents with ADHD should include the effort to promote MVPA levels, which could increase the level of physical self-concept, especially the positive self-perception of appearance in this population. Notably, older adolescents with ADHD and those with low maternal education attainment and low socioeconomic status might benefit more from MVPA in this context.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".