Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene polymorphisms with hypertension and treatment response to hydroxychloroquine in Iranian people with coronavirus disease 2019: A cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective The mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in infecting human cells requires binding of the virus to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is also involved in blood pressure regulation. There are several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 genome. As the occurrence of clinical symptoms and response to different treatments in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 are different, it seems that single-nucleotide polymorphisms can play a role in these differences. This receptor became important during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic because the coronavirus can enter host cells via this receptor. In this study, we aimed to discover the correlation between ACE2 gene polymorphism, hypertension, and anti–coronavirus disease 2019 drug usage in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study, and two polymorphisms, rs1978124 and rs2158083, were analyzed in 75 patients with essential hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019. All patients were genotyped using sequencing analysis methods, and the correlation between polymorphism, hypertension, severity of other diseases, and treatment response to anti–coronavirus disease 2019 drugs was determined using SPSS 20.0. Results There was no significant association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of being hypertensive with other diseases and the risk of diabetes in unadjusted and adjusted models in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 ( P > 0.05). Conclusion No significant association was found between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and hypertension in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.066 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".